Strategic Network: New National Planning for Sustainable Development in the Global South

该倡议解决了发展中国家政府在寻求实现2015年9月商定的17个联合国可持续发展目标时面临的一个关键挑战。其中许多国家正在寻求通过一套可称为“新的国家规划”的进程、政策和做法来指导本国的发展。在经历了一个往往仪式化的国家规划时代之后，20世纪80年代和90年代，制定国家发展计划的想法被认为是不可信的。这部分是由于缺乏地方自主权和对所制定计划的承诺，但也是由于捐助者和国际金融机构提倡更多地以市场为中心而不是以国家为中心的方式来实现发展目标。虽然2000年代以国家减贫战略文件的形式重新出现了某种接近全面发展政策框架的东西，但现在有证据表明，国家发展规划已经坚定地重新流行起来。我们的初步研究表明，100多个国家，其中大多数在全球南方（包括许多最大和增长最快的国家），有国家发展计划或类似文件。这些计划通常与1960年代和1970年代形式主义的国家发展计划大不相同，涉及更多地使用衡量、证据和模型。这是对国家规划的新的兴趣和信念，尽管是在一个以不可预测性和复杂性为特征的非常不同的全球化背景下。可持续发展目标将通过当地驱动的计划来实施，这些计划考虑到全球的复杂性和不确定性，但反映了联合国各成员国的优先事项和背景。因此，规划方法不能与以前相同，事实上，我们的初步数据集显示，新的规划方法正在出现，这些方法努力科普不确定性和复杂性。这一新的国家规划没有引起多少研究兴趣，但越来越多的证据表明，它对各国如何应对它们面临的全球和地方挑战具有影响。对国家规划进程和成果的系统性摸底工作很少，对国家或全球一级新的国家规划的形成过程的了解也有限。例如，世界银行和联合国都没有收集比较研究或数据集。更重要的是，正在出现一些关键问题，尤其是这种新的国家规划是否比减贫战略文件或前几代规划（或非规划）产生更好的国家自主权、问责制和最终更好的发展成果。我们的伙伴关系将通过跨学科研究/从业者网络调查这一主题，并将加强七个ODA受援国的研究和创新能力。我们将建立一个由学者、从业人员和决策者组成的多学科网络，他们将分析和更好地理解全球南方国家发展规划的重新出现。这个关于“新国家规划”的战略网络将创建一个新的研究和知识社区，了解国家规划如何帮助政府在全球化和气候变化的综合影响带来的复杂和不确定性时代实现可持续发展目标。该网络将分析发展计划，并建立：比较计划的分析框架;新一代计划的详细数据库;（至少）官方发展援助国家新的国家规划的七个详细案例研究;以及21世纪国家规划的比较分析。该网络将汇集决策者、研究人员和其他发展行动者，以确定未来研究的关键领域，并积极寻求资金，以建立一个主要的应用研究方案。

SummaryThis initiative addresses a key challenge faced by developing country governments as they seek to achieve the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals agreed in September 2015. Many of these countries are seeking to guide their own development through a set of processes, policies and practices that can usefully be termed the 'new national planning'. Following an era of often ritualistic national planning, the 1980s and 1990s saw the very idea of producing national development plans as discredited. This was partly due to a lack of local ownership and commitment to plans produced, but also due to donors and international financial institutions promoting more market and less state centred ways of achieving development goals. While the 2000s saw the return of something approaching a comprehensive policy framework for development in the form of national Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), there is now evidence that national development planning has firmly come back into vogue. Our initial research shows that over 100 countries, a majority of them in the global south (including many of the largest and fastest growing), have a national development plan or similar document. These are usually very different from the formalistic national development plans of the 1960s and 1970s and involve much greater use of measurement, evidence and modelling. This is a renewed interest and belief in National Planning albeit in a very different globalised context characterised by unpredictability and complexity. The Sustainable Development Goals will be implemented through locally driven plans that take into account this global complexity and uncertainty and yet reflect the priorities and contexts of individual UN member states. Planning approaches cannot therefore be the same as before and indeed our preliminary dataset is showing the emergence of new ways of planning that strive to cope with uncertainty and complexity. This new national planning has attracted little research interest, yet there is growing evidence that it has implications for how countries respond to the global and local challenges confronting them. Little systematic mapping of national planning processes and outcomes has been done and there is limited understanding of the processes shaping the new national planning at the national or global level. Neither the World Bank nor the UN, for example, have assembled comparative studies or datasets. More importantly, some crucial questions are emerging not least related to whether this new national planning produces better national ownership, accountability and ultimately better development outcomes than did either the PRSPs or the previous generations of planning (or non-planning). Our partnership will investigate this topic through a cross-disciplinary research/practitioner network and will strengthen capability for research and innovation across seven ODA recipient countries. We will establish a multi-disciplinary network of scholars, practitioners and policy makers who will analyse and better understand this re-emergence of national development planning in the global south. This strategic network on the 'new national planning' will create a new research and knowledge community that understands how national planning helps governments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in an era of complexity and uncertainty brought on by combined effects of forces of globalisation and climate change. The network will analyse development plans and create: an analytical framework for comparing plans; a detailed database of this new generation of plans; (at least) seven detailed case studies of the new national planning in ODA countries: and, a comparative analysis of National Planning in the 21st Century. The network will bring together policy makers, researchers and other development actors to identify key areas for future research and actively seek funding to establish a major applied research programme.