A profile of special educational needs and disability in Northern Ireland using educational and social data

背景资料：北方爱尔兰有特殊教育需要的学生在教育方面处于极端不利的地位，教育部已投入大量资金，以确保对他们进行识别、评估并提供适当的支持，以满足他们的个人学习需要。如果在识别特殊教育需要方面出现延误，以及资源提供不足，可能会产生短期和长期影响，影响这些学生的学业水平以及继续或高等教育或就业的选择。有特殊教育需要的学生占北爱尔兰学校人口的22%，预计这些数字将随着人口的增长，医疗技术的进步和对病情的更好认识而上升。为特殊教育需要提供的经费占教育当局预算的很大一部分，而且越来越难以为继。因此，教育的提供必须切合实际、顺应需要、有效和具有成本效益。背景：然而，北爱尔兰关于特殊教育需求的研究仅限于不涉及所有学生群体的小型研究。有证据表明，特殊教育需求的流行率、教育成果和更广泛的社会、健康和经济影响之间存在着生态关系，这种关系因政治局势动荡和投资不足而加剧。了解这种关系对问责具有影响，可以在短期内确定适当的供应，并为这些学生的长期前景制定战略。基于成果的问责制被政府用作政策规划和决策的监测工具。人口问责是“基于人口的预算分析”的一个层面，它通过人口层面的数据衡量弱势群体的福祉，以便为改善供应情况制定联合对策。目的：该项目的目的是利用一系列现有的政府数据集，建立北爱尔兰有特殊教育需要学生的纵向概况。通过对数据的探索和利用，研究人员将为这一学生群体建立一个人口问责制框架：个别学生的数据将有助于对特殊教育需求的普遍性与更广泛的教育成果进行比较分析，而与其他数据集的联系将首次建立，沿着国家统计局人口普查数据和国家统计局数据，将使用一份儿童整体概况，说明2010年以来有特殊教育需求儿童的生活背景情况。多重剥夺数据（NIMDM）。教育部的年度学生调查和离校生调查记录了所有学生的个别分类数据。人口普查数据详细说明了有特殊教育需要的学生的家庭情况，而多重剥夺措施则说明了学生生活的社会经济背景。根据有特殊教育需要的学生的个人教育情况，建立他们的类型。2.找出有特殊教育需要学生的教育背景与其家庭和社会经济状况之间的联系。了解特殊教育需求如何变化以及在学校层面的影响，例如特殊教育需求如何在学校类型/部门之间变化？4.了解SEN配置文件如何随时间变化以及原因。5.创建一个人口问责制报告卡，通知和影响政策的制定，规划和监测的特殊教育需要在北爱尔兰。政策上的特殊教育需要在北爱尔兰和整个英国发生了重大变化，与教育和卫生提供者的影响。因此，该项目就其教育见解和长期影响而言非常及时。它解决了一个关键的政策知识差距，但也显示了未来数据联系的巨大潜力，以了解和跟踪这些儿童从童年和青少年到成年的过渡。这将是有见地的NI，但将在英国司法管辖区和爱尔兰在积极规划有特殊教育需要的学生更广泛的影响。

Background: Pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Northern Ireland (NI) experience extreme educational disadvantage and the Department of Education (DE) has made considerable investment to ensure identification, assessment and appropriate support to meet their individual learning needs. Where there are delays in identifying SEN and inadequate resource provision, there can be short and longer term impacts, affecting these pupils' attainment levels and options in further or higher education or employment. Pupils with SEN represent 22% of the NI school population and these figures are projected to rise with a growing population, advancements in medical technology and better recognition of conditions. Provision for SEN costs education authorities a substantial proportion of their budget and is becoming increasingly unsustainable. It is imperative, therefore, that education provision is relevant, responsive, efficient and cost-effective. Context: Research on SEN in NI, however, is limited to small studies that do not involve all of the pupil population. Evidence suggests an ecological relationship between SEN prevalence, educational outcomes and wider social, health and economic influences exacerbated by a volatile political situation and under investment. Understanding this relationship has accountability implications, in terms of identifying appropriate provision in the short term and in strategizing for the longer term prospects of these pupils. Outcomes based accountability (OBA) is used by government as a monitoring tool for policy planning and decision making. Population accountability is one dimension of OBA that measures the well-being of vulnerable groups through population level data in order to generate joined-up policy responses for improved provision. It is within the context of population accountability that the project is located.Purpose: The purpose of the project is to create a longitudinal profile of pupils with SEN in NI using a range of available government data sets. Through exploration and exploitation of the data, researchers will generate a population accountability framework for this pupil population: individual pupil data will enable comparative analyses of SEN prevalence with wider educational outcomes, whilst linkage with other data sets will create, for the first time, a whole child profile that illustrates the contextual circumstances of the lives of children with SEN.DE data from 2010 onwards will be used along with NI Census data and NI multiple deprivation data (NIMDM). The DE annual pupil survey and school leaver's survey record individualised disaggregated data on all pupils. Census data details the household circumstances of pupils with SEN, whilst the multiple deprivation measures illustrate the socio-economic context in which the pupil lives.Aims: The project aims to:1. Create a typology of SEN pupils based on their individual educational profile. 2. Identify associations between the educational profile of pupils with SEN, and their family and socio-economic circumstances.3. Understand how SEN varies and is influenced at a School level e.g. how does SEN vary across school type/sector?4. Understand how SEN profiles change overtime and why.5. Create a population accountability report card to inform and influence the policy development, planning and monitoring of SEN in NI.Policy on SEN has changed significantly in NI and across the UK, with implications for education and health providers. The project, therefore, is extremely timely in terms of its educational insights and longer term impact. It addresses a critical policy knowledge gap but also demonstrates the rich potential of future data linkages to profile and track these children across transitions from childhood and adolescence into adulthood. This will be insightful for NI but will have wider influence across UK jurisdictions and Ireland in proactively planning for pupils with SEN.