The Afterlives of Genocide Archives: The Politics of the ICTR's Archive and Knowledge Making in Rwanda

卢旺达问题国际法庭的档案包含4000多米长的文件，为了解3 200名证人的证词所捕捉到的1994年卢旺达种族灭绝提供了一个窗口，并进一步代表了卢旺达问题国际法庭的机构记忆。尽管档案资料丰富，但学者们尚未调查这些过渡时期司法机构内知识生产的做法和政治，而是侧重于它们如何在政治上干预冲突后局势。该项目纠正了这一点，并详细说明了档案的政治意义、不同行为者如何被允许为卢旺达问题国际法庭创造知识作出贡献，以及档案和法庭作为一个整体是为什么以及为谁服务的。这项建议巩固了这项研究，因为我正在为一大笔早期职业研究拨款做准备。首先，该项目将加强研究的理论基础。作为共同导师，我将与阿拉道教授(处于关键IR前沿的学者)一起工作，我将询问福柯对档案的理解，以及通过我的项目开发的档案概念化之间的关系，因为我将档案作为一个记忆、机构和政治争论不休的场所进行考察。这为信息检索提供了智力上的贡献，并将明确地将我的研究置于关键信息检索中。为此，我将撰写两篇期刊文章，《知识档案》和《目睹种族灭绝》，并与CUP达成一本书的协议。改善我的出版记录也将加强我对ESRC新调查者(NI)奖的申请，这是这位博士后的最终目标。虽然我的博士研究检查了档案的构建方式，但NI的提案将探索档案的来世。这有四个方面：机构(审判如何影响参与审判的证人，以及证人如何影响审判)；记忆(档案如何影响种族灭绝的记忆)；责任(档案如何影响全球法律的实施)和权力(档案如何影响行为者在“现实世界”中的行为)。吴教授已经获得了许多大笔研究拨款，他将提供成功申请所需的指导。在开发NI申办时，我将对卢旺达问题国际法庭和卢旺达进行一次初步研究旅行。这将使我能够，首先，接触参加审判的证人(他们仍然受到法庭的保护)，其次，在与预期受益人(法庭和证人)对话的情况下，设计NI申办，以确保最大限度地产生影响。2015年，我在卢旺达问题国际法庭从事法律研究，回到那里也意味着我可以继续从事卢旺达问题国际法庭的一个遗产项目--种族灭绝故事项目(GSP)，这是法庭关于种族灭绝者的正式历史。因此，博士后和拟议的国家研究所将继续发展我的合作研究方法。为了推进这一点，我将与一位艺术家‘顾问’合作，以便将一个重要的艺术项目整合到NI的竞标中。这将为艺术家和更广泛的预期受益者(如普通公众、前证人和法律从业人员)创造一条产生影响的强大途径，并丰富整个研究设计。原型艺术品可以在这个ESRC博士后的生命周期内产生，它也可以更快地用于与非学术受众接触。这项提议具有立竿见影和长期的影响。我会完成普惠制的。其次，与艺术家的合作将对艺术家产生影响，并因一系列展览而对更广泛的公众产生影响。从长远来看，实现国家独立将首先解决关于这些程序如何影响所涉证人的信息仍然不足的问题，并对法庭的参与活动和在冲突后转型中的作用提出重大批评。这将导致一系列关于如何改进实践的建议。

The ICTR's archive contains over 4,000 linear metres of documents, offering a window into the 1994 Rwandan genocide, as captured by the testimony of 3,200 witnesses, and further representing the ICTR's institutional memory. Despite the richness of the archive, scholars have yet to investigate the practice and politics of knowledge production within these transitional justice institutions, instead focusing on how they politically intervene in the post-conflict landscape. This project rectifies this and details the politics of the archive, how different actors were permitted to contribute to the production of knowledge at the ICTR, and what and who the archive and tribunal as a whole are for. This proposal consolidates this research as I prepare for a large early career research grant. First, the project will strengthen the theoretical basis of the research. Working with Prof. Aradau (a scholar at the forefront of critical IR) as co-mentor, I will interrogate the relationship between Foucault's understanding of the archive, and conceptualisation of the archive developed through my project, as I examine the archive as a site where memory, agency, and politics are contested. This offers an intellectual contribution to IR and will clearly situate my research within critical IR. In line with this, I will produce two journal articles, 'Archives of Knowledge', and 'Witnessing Genocide' and secure a book deal with CUP. Improving my publication record will also strengthen my application for an ESRC New Investigators (NI) award, the ultimate goal of this post-doc. Whilst my PhD research examined the way in which the archive was constructed, the NI proposal will explore the archive's afterlife. There are four strands to this: agency (how the trials affected the witnesses that participated in them, and how, in turn, the witnesses effected the trials); memory (how the archive influences how the genocide is remembered), responsibility (how the archive influences how law is practiced globally) and power (how the archive influences how actor's act in the 'real world'). Prof. Gow, who has secured numerous large research grants, will provide the guidance required in order to produce a successful application.In developing the NI bid, I will conduct a preliminary research trip to the ICTR and Rwanda. This will allow me to, first, gain access to witnesses that participated in the trials (who remain protected by the tribunal) and, second, to design the NI bid in dialogue with the intended beneficiaries (both the tribunal and the witnesses) to ensure maximum impact. Returning to the ICTR, where I was a legal research in 2015, will also mean that I can continue to work an ICTR legacy project, the Genocide Story Project (GSP), the tribunal's official history of the genocide.As such, the post-doc and the proposed NI will continue to develop my collaborative approach to research. To further this, I will work with an artist 'consultant' in order to integrate a significant art project into the NI bid. This will create a strong pathway to impact, both for the artist and the wider group of intended beneficiaries (such as the general public, former witnesses and legal practitioners) and enrichen the research design as a whole. Prototype artworks can be produced in the lifespan of this ESRC post-doc, which can also be used more immediately to engage with non-academic audiences. This proposal has immediate and long-term impact. I will complete the GSP. Second, the collaboration with an artist will have impact both on the artist and, as a consequence of a series of exhibitions, the wider public. Long term, the realisation of the NI will, first, address the continued lack of information about how these processes affect the witnesses involved and offer a significant critique of the tribunal's engagement activities and role in post-conflict transformation. This will lead to a series of recommendations for ways practices can be improved upon.