Arrival infrastructures and migrant newcomers in European cities

欧洲社会面临的一大问题是越来越多的来自世界各地的移民。虽然欧洲国家正在努力管理移民流动，但当地面临的挑战实际上是包容和排斥移民的挑战。我们审查移民的既定范式假设移民居住在白人占多数的地区，或者他们在所谓的“种族社区”加入他们的共同种族。然而，今天，新移民往往会进入超级多样化的地方，这些地方是由不同背景的旧移民定居的。这类地区也被描述为有很长时间移民历史的“抵达社区”。尽管有一项关于移民融入的广泛政策和研究议程，但人们对长期存在的移民在新移民定居方面的作用知之甚少。他们在政策上受到的关注很少，关于新来的移民第一次抵达时会做什么以及他们如何获得支持的实证证据也很少。该项目询问哪些因素促进了新来者在这些抵达地区的定居和社会流动。它借鉴了抵达基础设施的概念，构成了促进抵达的行为者、机构和组织的集中，并将聚光灯放在长期确立的移民所发挥的特殊作用上。老牌移民为新来者提供了什么样的支持？对于新来者来说，人工智能的特定星座在多大程度上至关重要？或者有没有剥削的形式，比如通过提供不合格的住房或低收入的工作？该项目将在融合理论上开辟新的天地，超越新来者应该适应的“主流社会”的概念，并将聚光灯放在接收社会的广泛参与者身上，而不仅仅是移民。通过对多特蒙德、布鲁塞尔和伦敦抵达地区的比较，该项目将为当前移民定居进程提供至关重要的新知识。它将：-绘制每个社区的正式和非正式基础设施地点地图，从少数民族企业到民间社会组织和宗教场所。面对面的调查、问卷和对在这些网站工作的个人的采访将评估他们在支持新来者方面的作用。-通过进行深入访谈和与移民一起走访参与者观察，从新来者的角度评估这些网站的作用。-评估每个网站不同的移民、融合和福利制度的作用，包括在塑造人工智能方面存在的现有形式的不平等，以及历史悠久的移民支持新来者的能力。该项目将审查一系列不同领域的人工智能：-公共空间：广场、交通枢纽、市场、公园、游乐场等-企业：小企业、洗手间、网吧S、理发师、美甲沙龙、报社、手机店、汇款机构、咖啡馆、餐馆等。-民间社会：社区组织、宗教场所、非政府组织、语言班、食品银行、体育俱乐部等。-国家：图书馆、公民建议、医疗服务、语言班等。该项目将通过提供关于移民定居战略和长期移民的作用的新知识，产生经济和社会影响。人们往往认为，定居援助是通过正式渠道、机构和方案提供的，而理事会往往缺乏对新来者寻找定居信息的非正式渠道的了解。通过提供关于移民安置过程和认可机构作用的深入信息，该项目将为制定移民安置政策创造一个权威的证据基础。通过这样做，该项目将有助于提高公共服务的有效性，并提高新来者的生活质量。

One of the big issues European societies face is the immigration of an increasing number of migrants from various parts of the world. While European states grapple with the management of immigration flows, the challenge faced on the ground is, in fact, the challenge of migrant inclusion and exclusion. Our established paradigms for examining immigration assume that migrants settle in areas populated by white national majorities, or that they join their co-ethnics in so called 'ethnic neighbourhoods'. However, today, new migrants often move into super-diverse places which are settled by previous migrants of various backgrounds. Such areas have also been described as 'arrival neighbourhoods' which have seen long histories of immigration. Although there is a wide-reaching policy and research agenda concerning migrant integration, little is known about the role of long-established migrants regarding newcomers' settlement. They have received scant policy attention and there is minimal empirical evidence on what incoming migrants do when they first arrive and how they find support. The project asks what factors facilitate the settlement and social mobility of newcomers in such arrival areas. It draws on the notion of arrival infrastructures, constituting a concentration of actors, institutions, and organisations which facilitate arrival, and putting the spotlight on the special role played by long-established migrants. What kind of support do long established migrants provide to newcomers? To what extent are particular constellations of AIs crucial for newcomers? Or are there forms of exploitation, for example by providing substandard housing or lowly paid jobs?The project will break new ground in integration theory by moving beyond ideas of 'mainstream society' to which newcomers should adapt, and by putting the spotlight on a wide range of actors in the receiving society, rather than just on migrants. Through a comparison of arrival areas in Dortmund, Brussels, and London, the project will contribute crucial new knowledge about current processes of migrant settlement. It will:- Map formal and informal infrastructural sites in each neighbourhood, ranging from ethnic businesses, to civil society organisations and religious sites. Face-to face surveys, questionnaires and interviews with individuals working in these sites will assess their role in supporting newcomers.- Assess the role of these sites from the point of view of newcomers by undertaking in-depth interviews and walk-along participant observation with migrants.- Assess the role of differing immigration, integration and welfare regimes in each site, including existing forms of inequality in shaping AIs and the ability of long-established migrants to support newcomers.The project will examine a range of AIs indifferent realms: - Public spaces: Squares, transport hubs, markets, parks, playgrounds, etc.- Businesses: Small enterprises, launderettes, Internet cafés, hairdressers, nail salons, newsagents, mobile phone shops, money transfer agencies, cafes, restaurants, etc.- Civil Society: Community organisations, religious sites, NGOs, language classes, food banks, sports clubs, etc.- State: Libraries, citizen's advice, health services, language classes, etc.The project will deliver economic and societal impact by providing new knowledge on migrants' settlement strategies and the role of long-established migrants. It is often assumed that assistance for settlement comes through formal channels, agencies and programmes, and councils often lack knowledge on the informal channels through which newcomers find settlement information. By providing in-depth information of settlement processes and the role of AIs, the project will create an authoritative evidence base for joined-up policy formulation with respect to migrant settlement. In doing so, the project will help to increase the effectiveness of public services and enhance the newcomers' quality of life.