Deindustrial Pasts and Present Inequalities: An Oral History of Deindustrialisation and Experiences of Ageing

该项目将研究当代生活中的不平等与20世纪后期制造业衰退之间的关系。无论是在英国还是在国际上，工业衰退（去工业化）与不平等之间的联系都是公认的。住房、社区和地方政府部在其最新的《英国贫困指数报告》（2019年）中指出，贫困仍然高度集中在“历史上拥有大型重工业制造业和/或采矿业的地区”。类似的模式在英国（Perchard, 2013; Strangleman, 2013）、西欧（Clarke, 2013; Bracke, 2019）和北美（Linkon, 2018; High, 2018）的其他地区也很明显。几乎在每一个工业生产一度占主导地位，但在20世纪后期迅速衰落的地方，这些不平等和剥夺的模式都是显而易见的。因此，去工业化是一个历史性事件，但在形成不平等方面仍然是一股无处不在的社会力量。贫困及其在整个生命过程中的影响也是研究晚年不平等和劣势的学者和政策制定者迫切关注的问题。Fuller-Iglesias（2009）等社会老年学家断言，多种不利因素会“对晚年生活的结果产生累积影响”，包括主观幸福感、身心健康、预期寿命、财务安全、生活环境和社会联系。通过评估去工业化的社会经济遗产及其持续影响，我假设去工业化——作为一个历史事件和一种当代社会力量——对前工业社区中积累的不利/优势和后来的生活经历做出了重大贡献。该项目将利用口述历史访谈来询问老龄化的去工业化和晚年生活中的不平等之间的关系。它将整个社会科学领域的学术和政策利益联系起来，与口述历史、老龄化研究和去工业化研究相结合，采用一种方法新颖的方法来理解整个生命过程中不平等和劣势的积累。在地理上，本项目侧重于英格兰东北部的泰恩和威尔，该地区在造船、煤炭开采等主要行业衰落后遭受了广泛的影响（Mah, 2010）。这项研究采用了一种创新的方法，利用了正在进行的流行病学纽卡斯尔千户家庭研究（NTFS），这是一个自1947年以来一直运行的出生队列。受访者将根据他们的就业和去工业化经历从队列中招募。那些未被纳入该队列的人（所有成员都是英国白人）被招募来研究晚年不平等的交叉动态，以及社会经济破裂对不同社会群体的影响。利用泰恩和威尔作为一个代表性的案例研究，研究框架、方法和产出可以从根本上改变学者和立法者在贫困的前工业社区处理老龄化和晚年生活经历不平等的方式。

This project will examine the relationships between contemporary inequalities in later life and experiences of manufacturing decline in the later 20th century. The links between the decline of industry (deindustrialisation) and inequality are well recognised, both in the UK and internationally. In their latest report on English Indices of Deprivation, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (2019) stated that deprivation remains highly concentrated in 'areas that have historically had large heavy industry manufacturing and/or mining sectors'. A similar pattern is evident in other areas of the UK (Perchard, 2013; Strangleman, 2013), Western Europe (Clarke, 2013; Bracke, 2019) and North America (Linkon, 2018; High, 2018). In almost every locality where industrial production was once dominant and declined rapidly in the later 20th century, these patterns of inequality and deprivation are evident. Deindustrialisation is therefore a historic event, but remains a pervasive social force in shaping inequalities. Deprivation and its impacts across the lifecourse is also an urgent concern for scholars and policy-makers investigating inequalities and disadvantage in later life. Social gerontologists such as Fuller-Iglesias (2009) assert that multiple disadvantages have a 'cumulative effect on outcomes in later life', including in subjective wellbeing, physical and mental health, life expectancy, financial security, living environment, and social connectivityBy assessing the socio-economic legacies of deindustrialisation, and its ongoing influence, I hypothesise that deindustrialisation - as a historical event and a contemporary social force - contributes significantly to accumulative dis/advantage and later life experiences within former industrial communities. This project will utilise oral history interviewing to interrogate the relationships between deindustrialisation on ageing and inequalities in later life. It bridges academic and policy interests from across the social sciences, engaging with oral history, ageing studies, and deindustrialisation studies to adopt a methodologically novel approach to understanding the accumulation of inequality and disadvantage across the lifecourse.Geographically, this project focuses on Tyne and Wear in the North East of England, which suffered extensively following the decline of staple industries of ship building, coal mining and others (Mah, 2010). The research adopts an innovative approach by utilising the ongoing epidemiological Newcastle Thousand Families Study (NTFS), a birth cohort that has run since 1947. Interviewees will be recruited from the cohort based on their experiences of employment and deindustrialisation. Those not represented in that cohort (all members are White British) are recruited to examine the intersectional dynamics of inequalities in later life and the impact of socio-economic rupture on different social groups. Utilising Tyne and Wear as a representative case study, the research framework, methods, and outputs can fundamentally change the way that academics and legislators approach inequalities in ageing and later life experiences in deprived former industrial communities.