All-Island environmental governance post Brexit? Mobilising key actors in Ireland and Northern Ireland

爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰属于同一个生物地理单位，面临共同的环境挑战。最近联合王国和欧盟（联合王国）联合开展的测绘工作承认了爱尔兰岛跨界合作对自然和生物多样性的重要性。退出欧盟部，2018年)。爱尔兰的许多自然保护区都是与欧盟合作开发的，爱尔兰的许多Natura 2000遗址横跨边境，毗邻爱尔兰的遗址。然而，英国于2020年1月31日离开欧盟，过渡期将继续适用于欧盟的规则和法规。这一过渡期将于2020年12月31日结束。2020年批准的英国-欧盟退出协议的一部分包括《爱尔兰/北爱尔兰议定书》，该议定书规定了一个新的法律框架（无论未来潜在的贸易关系如何）。它对环境有直接的影响（列出了北爱尔兰需要继续遵守的欧盟环境规则的领域），也有间接的影响，比如(a)它将如何与1998年的耶稣受难日协议（GFA）和未来的关系一起工作，(b)环境团体和优先事项如何在它所设立的机构中发挥作用。此外，与人们对“绿色”爱尔兰的普遍看法不同，这两个司法管辖区长期以来一直在环境方面落后。两国政府的一再失败意味着，台湾的环境治理更加依赖于非政府行为体的行动，从企业到第三部门组织和研究机构，在不确定时期动员起来。在这些辩论中动员爱尔兰的各种声音（通过协商等）对于以下两点至关重要：(a)从之前的经济危机中吸取教训，了解它是如何扼杀环境行动的；(b)制定一项欧洲绿色协议，该协议也可以在欧盟边界之外发挥作用，因此岛屿双方都可以更绿色地重建。这与新的爱尔兰政府计划草案相呼应，该草案呼吁建立一个“共享的爱尔兰”，寻求“制定一项全岛战略，以应对气候崩溃和生物多样性危机”。（Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and Green Party， 2020年）以及在欧盟层面，欧洲绿色协议是新冯德莱恩委员会的优先事项，面对2019冠状病毒病及其对欧洲经济的影响，这一优先事项得到了重申。该项目旨在动员爱尔兰岛的关键行动者，在英国脱欧后和冠状病毒时期改善环境治理（包括跨境和全岛）。它将扩大创新和进步，在整个岛屿的研究团体和实践者之间建立新的联系并加强已有的关系。该项目将执行一些任务：首先，它将绘制过去的跨境合作地图，以更好地了解已经建立的合作形式，它们取得了什么成就，以及它们如何受到当前双重中断的挑战。然后，它将分析我们的新现状，以促进对爱尔兰/北爱尔兰议定书的动员、理解和使用。最后，它将勾勒出在爱尔兰岛达成绿色协议的前进道路。我们将通过以下方式实现这些目标：(a)开展跨学科工作，从政策、规划和法律方面组建一支性别平衡的团队；(b)支持我们机构的早期职业研究人员，特别是PGR学生，发展他们的影响力和参与技能；(c)该网络还将使我们的合作伙伴组织、NI环境链接和环境支柱受益，为巩固对过去合作形式的基于证据的分析创造机会，并为深入分析协议实施和covid - 19影响的当前发展提供论坛。

The Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland belong to a single biogeographic unit and face shared environmental challenges. The importance of cross-border cooperation on the island of Ireland for nature and biodiversity was acknowledged in a recent mapping exercise conducted jointly by the UK and EU (UK. Department for Exiting the European Union, 2018). Many of NI's nature reserves have been developed in collaboration with the EU and a number of Natura 2000 sites in NI straddle the border, adjoining sites in Ireland. However, the United Kingdom left the EU on the 31st January 2020 with a transition period in place where EU rules and regulations would continue to apply to the UK. This transition period is due to end on the 31st December 2020. Part of the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement ratified in 2020 included the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland which sets out a new legal framework (irrespective of a potential future trade relationship) between both parts of the island. It has direct implications for the environment (listing areas of EU environmental rules which Northern Ireland will need to continue to comply with) as well as indirect implications, such as (a) how it would work alongside the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA) and future relationship and (b) how environmental groups and priorities can be featured in the institutions it sets out. Additionally, at odds with common perceptions of a 'green' Ireland, both jurisdictions have long been environmental laggards. The repeated failures of both governments mean environmental governance on the island is even more dependent on the actions of non-governmental actors, from businesses, to third sector organisations and research organisations, mobilising in uncertain times. Mobilising a variety of Irish voices in these debates (via consultation, etc.) is critical to (a) learn from the previous economic crisis and how it stifled environmental action and (b) develop a European Green Deal which can also work beyond the borders of the EU, so both sides of the island can rebuild greener. This echoes the new draft Irish Programme for Government calling for a 'shared Ireland', seeking to 'develop an all-island strategy to tackle climate breakdown and the biodiversity crisis'.(Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael and Green Party, 2020) and at the EU level, where a European Green Deal is a priority of the new Von der Leyen Commission, a priority which has been reiterated in the face of covid19 and its impact on European economies.This project aims at mobilising key actors across the island of Ireland to improve environmental governance (both cross-border and all-Island) after Brexit and in times of coronavirus. It will amplify innovation and progress, creating new links and reinforcing pre-existing relationships between research communities and practitioners across the island. The project will carry out a number of tasks: firstly it will map past cooperation cross-border to better understand what forms of cooperation have been established, what they achieved and how they are being challenged by the present dual disruptions. It will then analyse our new present to foster mobilisation, understanding and use of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland. Finally, it will sketch the way forward towards a Green Deal on the island of Ireland. We will deliver on these objectives by (a) pursuing interdisciplinary work, bringing together a gender-balanced team from policy, planning and law; (b) supporting early career researchers notably PGR students in our institutions in developing their impact and engagement skills and (c) the network will also benefit our partner organisations, NI Environment Link and Environmental Pillar by creating opportunities to solidify evidence-based analysis of past forms of cooperation as well as provide a forum for in-depth analysis of current developments with Protocol implementation and Covid19 impact.