Getting on with it: understanding the Micro-Dynamics of Post-Accord Intergroup Social Relations

约有20亿人生活在受暴力冲突困扰的地区(世界银行，2017年)；十年内，全球人口的一半将生活在受暴力和不稳定影响的国家。形成全球不安全的一个关键因素是，结束武装冲突的常规手段不能带来可持续和平：大约50%的和平定居点在10年内崩溃。即使在和平时期，它的质量也往往很差。累犯和质量不佳的和平是严重的全球安全问题，因为普遍存在的协议后的政治/刑事暴力、贫穷和排斥继续困扰着生活在脆弱社会中的人们的生活。受冲突影响的社区即使有和平，也往往是缓慢的，普通人必须继续生活，养活他们的家人，在那里往往没有工作和国家/政府的支持。他们必须驾驭邻居/当局之间复杂的、往往是创伤性的关系，在这种关系中，相互不信任和歧视以及战争的遗产意味着人们通过社会分裂和过去的暴力记忆来体验现在和想象未来。这项研究旨在了解平民如何面对失败/失败的和平的挑战，以及当正式的自上而下的干预措施达不到他们时，他们如何应对群体间政治暴力的原因、后果和遗产(RQ1)。该项目将创建创新的原创经验和理论数据，并开发冲突后群体间关系微观动力的概念，描述个人、社区和群体为应对政治暴力遗留问题并学会与其以前的“敌人”共存或挑战其以前的“敌人”而采用的日常战术机构、机制和叙述(RQ2)。这项研究将评估普通人是否以及如果是这样，在正式干预无法到达他们的地方时，如何在维持和平方面发挥作用，或者如果他们这样做了，产生的效果有限(RQ3)。该项目采用先进的参与性、联合制作的定性和定量方法，如嵌入式人种学、生活史、地图绘制、步行、摄影、NVivo，将建立一个关于日常战术和战略的系统证据基础，以及塑造平民制作它们的能力的因素。该项目探讨了不平等、经济/政治排斥和犯罪/政治暴力等因素如何影响平民利用日常微观做法的能力及其随后对建设和平、群体间共存与和解的影响。鉴于我们将重点放在当地知识和日常战术/战略上，3国家伙伴和社区利益攸关方将从一开始就通过规划和成本计算的活动和战略参与，以建立一个由利益攸关方自己提供信息的强有力的理论模型。这一模式将通过发展创新概念来推进理论洞察力，例如后协议公民社会创业以及个人和群体间微观社会契约，显著促进学术研究并产生学术影响。通过与有资金的直接伙伴以及更广泛的政策制定者和学者网络的知识交流，我们将大大促进政策/实践者对影响政治解决稳定的因素、再次犯罪的可能性以及和平质量的了解。我们将与合作伙伴、政策布里斯托尔和达勒姆政策中心合作，组织学习活动，传播基于证据的知识，了解当地行为者如何从下面维持或挑战和平。因此，我们期望通过可持续发展和从建设和平/发展实践者那里学到的经验教训，促进相当大的经济/社会影响。作为一个整体，这项研究将产生学术和经济/社会影响，最终重建关键辩论，加强地方能力，建立与政策相关的概念模型，并塑造政策和实践。

Approximately 2 billion people live in regions plagued by violent conflict (World Bank 2017); within a decade, half the global population will live in countries affected by violence and instability. A key factor shaping global insecurity is that the conventional means for bringing an end to armed conflict do not deliver sustainable peace: around 50% of peace settlements collapse within 10 years. Even when peace holds, its quality is often poor. Recidivism and poor-quality peace represent significant global security concerns, as pervasive post-accord political/criminal violence, poverty and exclusion continue to blight the lives of people living in fragile societies. Peace tends to reach conflict-affected communities slowly, if at all, and ordinary people must get on with living, providing for their families where jobs and state/government support are often absent. They must navigate complex, often traumatic relations between neighbours/authorities, where mutual distrust and discrimination and the legacies of war mean that people experience the present and imagine the future through the societal cleavages and violent memories of the past.This research aims to understand how civilians face the challenges of failed/failing peace and how they navigate the causes, consequences and legacy of intergroup political violence when formal, top-down interventions do not reach them (RQ1). The project will create innovative original empirical and theoretical data and develop the concept of the Micro-Dynamics of Post-Conflict Intergroup Relations, describing the everyday tactical agency, mechanisms and narratives that individuals, communities and groups employ in order to cope with the legacy of political violence and learn to co-exist with or challenge their former 'enemies' (RQ2). The research will evaluate whether and, if so, how ordinary people play a role in sustaining peace when formal interventions do not reach them, or, if they do, generate limited effect (RQ3). Employing a cutting-edge participatory, co-production methodology of qualitative and quantitative methods, such as embedded ethnography, life histories, map-making, walking, photography, Nvivo, the project will develop a systematic evidence base of everyday tactics and strategies and the factors that shape civilians' ability to craft them. The project explores how factors such as inequality, economic/political exclusion and criminal/political violence affect civilian capacity to levy everyday micro-practices and their subsequent influence upon peacebuilding, intergroup coexistence and reconciliation. Given our focus upon local knowledge and everyday tactics/strategies, 3 country Partners and community stakeholders will participate from the outset through planned and costed activities and strategies to develop a robust theoretical model informed by stakeholders themselves. This model will advance theoretical insights by developing innovative concepts, such as post-accord civilian social entrepreneurship and individual and intergroup micro-social contracts, significantly advancing scholarship and leading to academic impact. Through Knowledge Exchange (KE) with funded direct Partners and wider networks of policymakers and scholars, we will contribute substantially to policy/practitioner knowledge of the factors shaping the stability of political settlements, the likelihood of recidivism and the quality of peace. Working with Partners, PolicyBristol and Durham Policy Hub, we will organise learning events, disseminating evidence-based knowledge of how local actors can sustain or challenge peace from below. We thus expect to facilitate considerable economic/societal impact through KE and lessons learned with peacebuilding/development practitioners. As an integrated whole then, the research will yield academic and economic/societal impact, ultimately reframing key debates, strengthening local capacities, building policy-relevant conceptual models and shaping policy and practice