Urban greening for climate-resilient neighbourhoods: linking scholars and cities across the UK and Taiwan

该项目建立了一个由英国和台湾的研究人员组成的网络，能够了解社区层面的气候变化生活经验，以及市民如何体验社区绿地提供的减少气候风险的好处。在全球范围内，环境政治和人文地理学者对地方政府（如市政府）在应对气候挑战方面所发挥的作用越来越感兴趣。这得到了社会科学和自然科学领域对“基于自然的解决方案”（通过管理自然空间来应对社会和环境挑战）兴趣激增的支持。然而，城市规划者和第三部门组织对社区越来越感兴趣，因为人们在日常生活中体验气候变化的规模——以及我们对气候变化的反应。然而，关于气候影响和应对如何在次国家层面发挥作用，仍需要更具体的证据；尤其是在城市研究文献中，人们越来越认识到亚热带亚洲城市在气候风险降低和治理文献中的代表性不足。拟议的研究通过评估两个城市的社区如何在联合国正式渠道之外发挥气候和复原力领导力来应对这些挑战——苏格兰格拉斯哥；以及台湾台北——体验气候变化带来的风险，感受城市主导的基于自然的韧性战略带来的好处。考虑到每个城市的政策相关性，本文将城市过剩热量作为重点，更深入地评估一种可能通过城市绿化来缓解的气候风险。该项目的核心是以每个城市的少数社区为中心的试点规模研究，了解居民和决策者对气候变化和城市绿地的叙述经验，评估规划和城市发展历史，并使用公开可用的数据定量评估整个城市绿色空间在获得热风险降低效益方面的不平等。这项试点研究的目的是开发并举例说明一种方法，以理解不同城市背景下生活体验、气候风险和绿色空间之间的界面，在进一步的大规模研究合作之前，在英台团队中建立信誉。事实上，该项目的一个关键目标是为后续的跨学科研究奠定基础，不仅包括社会科学家和自然科学家，还包括来自格拉斯哥和台北当地政府、规划咨询公司、非政府组织和社区组织的利益相关者。为此，学术研讨会和国际跨学科对话将在格拉斯哥和台北举行（或实际上取决于COVID情况），以(a)创建更广泛的社会和自然科学学者网络，以参与后续研究；(b)积极地让格拉斯哥和台北的利益相关者参与城市对城市的学习，共同创造研究问题和后续更大规模项目的知识需求。这项研究由Leslie Mabon博士（环境社会学）和Wan-Yu Shih博士（城市规划）共同领导，他们将通过他们在每个城市的联系促进更广泛的参与和影响。在格拉斯哥，马本可以通过他在苏格兰青年学院的职位来建立学术联系，并通过他与格拉斯哥市议会和气候准备克莱德的持续合作来建立利益相关者的联系。在台北，Shih可以通过她在台北未来地球的角色来吸引学者，也可以通过她与经典景观规划公司的密切联系来吸引利益相关者，后者将支持项目的利益相关者参与要素。

The project develops a network of UK and Taiwan-based researchers capable of understanding the lived experience of climate change at the neighbourhood level, and of how citizens may experience the climate risk reduction benefits provided by green spaces in their neighbourhood. Globally, there is increasing interest within environmental politics and human geography scholarship in the role that institutions working at the sub-national level - such as city governments - can play in responding to the climate challenge. This is supported by an upswell of interest in 'nature-based solutions' (responses to social and environmental challenges through the management of natural spaces) across the social and natural sciences. Yet urban planners and third sector organisations are becoming more interested in the neighbourhood as the scale at which people experience climate change - and our responses to it - in their daily lives. Nevertheless, there remains a need for more concrete evidence on how climate impacts and responses play out at the sub-national level; and in the urban studies literature in particular it is increasingly recognised that subtropical Asian cities are under-represented in the climate risk reduction and governance literature.The proposed research responds to these challenges by evaluating how neighbourhoods in two cities taking climate and resilience leadership outside of formal UN channels - Glasgow, Scotland; and Taipei, Taiwan - experience risks from climate change and feel the benefits of city-led nature-based resilience strategies. Given its policy relevance in each city, excess urban heat is taken as a focal point to assess in more depth one climate risk which may be mitigated via urban greening. At the core of the project is pilot-scale research centered on a small number of neighbourhoods in each city, which understands residents' and decision-makers' narrative experiences of climate change and urban greenspace, evaluates planning and urban development histories, and uses publicly-available data to quantitatively assess inequality in access to heat risk reduction benefits from green spaces across the city. The aim of this pilot research is to develop and exemplify a methodology for understanding the interface between lived experience, climate risk and greenspace across different urban contexts, to build credibility among the UK-Taiwan team ahead of further larger-scale research collaboration.Indeed, a key aim of the project is to lay the foundations for subsequent transdisciplinary research encompassing not only social scientists and natural scientists, but also stakeholders from local government, planning consultancies, NGOs and community organisations in both Glasgow and Taipei. To this end, academic workshops and international transdisciplinary dialogues will be held in both Glasgow and Taipei (or virtually depending on the COVID situation) to (a) create a broader network of social- and natural science academics to engage in follow-on research; and (b) pro-actively engage stakeholders in both Glasgow and Taipei in city-to-city learning and in the co-creation of research questions and knowledge needs for subsequent larger-scale projects.The research is jointly led by Dr Leslie Mabon (environmental sociology) and Dr Wan-Yu Shih (urban planning), who will facilitate wider buy-in and impact through their links in each city. In Glasgow, Mabon can draw on academic contacts through his position in the Young Academy of Scotland, and stakeholder links via his continued collaboration with Glasgow City Council and Climate Ready Clyde. In Taipei, Shih can draw in academics via her role in Future Earth Taipei, and stakeholders via her close association with the Classic Landscape and Planning Company, who will support the stakeholder engagement elements of the project.