MUTUAL MOTHER-CHILD INFLUENCES IN FAMILIES WITH AND WITHOUT AFFECTIVE DISORDER

井与井之间相互影响的过程 抑郁的母亲和她们5岁的孩子接受了检查。这 是一项纵向研究，跟踪研究时的样本 儿童年龄为1岁半至3岁半(ZOlMH02144)。这项研究是 重点关注抑郁母亲在控制母亲情绪方面的困难 儿童与儿童人际交往能力的发展 对控制的反应。这两个问题在最初的时候都进行了调查 学习。讨论了两个主要的研究问题：什么是 母亲的精神病理与精神疾病发展的关系 母子之间的人际影响是什么？ 从孩子两岁到两岁的发育变化 他/她五岁吗？重点也放在孩子们身上 作为积极的影响力代理人，他们的战略指向 母亲，以及母亲对儿童控制的反应。这些 通过分析每个因素，研究双边影响过程 由母亲或孩子发起的控制事件， 在自然主义的互动中。蹒跚学步的研究结果， 抑郁母亲的女儿更不顺从，也是 5年后复制。与幼儿时期的研究结果不同的是， 当抑郁的母亲比正常母亲不那么自信时， 当孩子5岁时，抑郁的母亲表现得更直接 比好母亲更有自信。从纵向看 比较来看，似乎在某些方面，抑郁的母亲 未能对其进行适当的发展适应 儿童日益增强的自我调节能力。但是，在 两组在母性策略方面都发生了强有力的发展变化， 以及儿童的反应。

Processes of mutual interpersonal influence between well and depressed mothers and their 5-year-old children are examined. This is a longitudinal study, following up the sample studied when the children were 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 years old (ZOlMH02144). The study is focused on difficulties of depressed mothers in controlling their children, and the development of children's competent interpersonal responses to control. Both issues were investigated in the initial study. Two major research questions are addressed: What is the relation between the mother's psychopathology and the processes of interpersonal influence between mother and child, and what are the developmental changes from the time the child was two to when he/she was five years of age? The focus is also on the children as active agents of influence, their strategies directed to the mothers, and the mothers' responses to children's control. These bilateral influence processes are studied by analyzing every episode of control, initiated either by the mother or by the child, during naturalistic interaction. Toddler-age findings, that daughters of depressed mothers were more noncompliant, were also replicated at 5 years. In contrast to the toddler-age findings, when depressed mothers were less assertive than normal mothers, when children were 5 the depressed mothers showed more directness and assertiveness than the well mothers. From the longitudinal comparisons, it appears that in some respects the depressed mothers failed to make appropriate developmental adaptations to their children's increasing capacities of self-regulation. However, in both groups robust developmental changes in maternal strategies, as well as children's responses, were identified.