ANATOMY OF THE PRIMATE VISUAL SYSTEM

为了更好地理解视觉关联皮层在感知中的作用 和记忆，我们一直在研究多个功能区域， 包括猕猴的大脑皮层，并探索 它们之间的联系 在这些研究中，我们利用神经解剖学 跟踪技术结合电生理记录以及 新开发的组织学染色剂，第一次， 区分多个视觉区域。 我们的研究结果表明， 初级视觉区，纹状体皮质，是两个皮质的来源， 投影系统。 第一个系统始于纹状体突起 到第二和第三视觉区域，V2和V3。 V2和V3都在 转向V4。 这三个纹前区排列在相邻的带中 几乎包围着纹状皮质，和纹状皮质一样， 带包含视野的地形图。 V4区项目 转向下颞叶皮层 第二个系统从两个开始 条纹和V2投影到MT区，MT区也是地形学上的 有组织的。 然而，与V4相反，V4似乎提供了一个主要的 从纹状皮层向前连接到颞叶，我们的结果对MT 这表明它提供了一个主要的联系，从纹状体皮质到大脑皮层， 顶叶通过其投射到上级的四个额外区域 颞沟和顶内沟。 因此，一个系统的预测出的 纹状皮质是直接腹侧进入颞叶，而第二个 是直接从背侧进入顶叶的 根据证据， 在我们的神经行为学研究中，我们提出这两个系统介导客体 视觉和空间视觉。 我们已经开始分析 人类大脑材料的目标是识别视觉区域同源 与我们在猕猴身上描述的相似

To better understand the role of visual association cortex in perception and memory, we have been examining the multiple functional areas that comprise this cortex in the macaque and exploring the complex circuitry of their interconnections. In these studies, we have utilized neuroanatomical tracing techniques combined with electrophysiological recording as well as newly developed histological stains that, for the first time, clearly distinguish among the multiple visual areas. Our results indicate that the primary visual area, striate cortex, is the source of two cortical projection systems. The first system begins with the striate projections to the second and third visual areas, V2 and V3. Both V2 and V3 project in turn to V4. These three prestriate areas are arranged in adjacent belts that nearly surround the striate cortex, and, like the striate cortex, each belt contains a topographic map of the visual field. Area V4 projects in turn to the inferior temporal cortex. The second system begins with both striate and V2 projections to area MT, which is also topographically organized. However, in contrast to V4, which appears to provide a major link forward from striate cortex into the temporal lobe, our results on MT indicate that it provides a major link forward from striate cortex into the parietal lobe via its projections to four additional areas in the superior temporal and intraparietal sulci. Thus, one system of projections out of striate cortex is directed ventrally into the temporal lobe, while a second is directed dorsally into the parietal lobe. On the basis of evidence from our neurobehavioral work, we propose that these two systems mediate object vision and spatial vision, respectively. We have begun an analysis of human brain material with the goal of identifying visual areas homologous to the ones that we have delineated in the macaque.