NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF PHONATORY PATHOLOGY

目的是为了确定发声的神经生理基础， 控制及其紊乱。 发声信号的声学分析是 旨在确定发声是如何被不同的病理改变的。 最初的研究比较了几组患者，发现抖动是 声带的形态变化增加，而神经系统 扰动增加微光而不是抖动。 当个体数据 检查以确定对不同喉敏感的声学测量 病理，正常和病理病例之间有大量重叠 是在抖动和微光上发现的 类似喉部疾病患者 表现不同，表明个体之间存在相当大的差异 控制喉部功能。 声学测量已经被开发来研究非自愿的 发声时用纤维光学观察到的声带运动。 线性 频率的变化与声带的特发性震颤有关， 在其他运动障碍中未发现。 进一步的研究 计划检查呼吸震颤、声道 震颤和声带痉挛。 结果将有助于理解 发声的神经生理控制。 在痉挛性发声障碍，早期的研究表明，发声， 在这些患者中，起始是最受影响的言语任务。 随后，喉和呼吸之间的协调和时机 检查发声起始和耳语期间的运动。 慢 反应时间和不协调只在发声过程中被发现， 显示任务特定的自愿运动困难，相称 局部肌张力障碍 喉内肌的肌电图研究 在言语任务中，目的是确定神经生理学 这种运动障碍的潜在机制。

The purpose is to determine the neurophysiological bases of phonatory control and its disorders. Acoustic analyses of phonatory signals are aimed at determining how phonation is altered by different pathologies. Initial studies compared groups of patients and found that jitter was increased in morphological changes in the vocal folds while neurological disturbances increased shimmer and not jitter. When individual data were examined to identify acoustic measures sensitive to different laryngeal pathologies, a great deal of overlap between normal and pathologic cases was found on jitter and shimmer. Patients with similar laryngeal disorders performed differently suggesting considerable variation between individuals in controlling laryngeal function. Acoustic measures have been developed to study the effects of involuntary vocal fold movements, observed fiberoptically, on phonation. Linear variations in frequency were associated with essential tremor of the vocal folds and were not found in other movement disorders. Further studies are planned to examine the acoustic effects of respiratory tremor, vocal tract tremor and vocal fold spasms. The results will assist in understanding neurophysiological control of phonation. In spasmodic dysphonia, an earlier study demonstrated that phonatory initiation was the speech task most affected in these patients. Subsequently, the coordination and timing between laryngeal and repiratory movements during phonatory initiation and whisper were examined. Slow reaction times and incoordination were found only during phonation, demonstrating task specific voluntary movement difficulties, commensurate with a focal dystonia. EMG studies of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles during speech tasks are aimed at determining the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this movement disorder.