CEREBRAL CORTICAL MECHANISMS FOR EYE MOVEMENTS AND VISUAL ATTENTION

随后进行了三个方面的调查，以确定 大脑皮层及其传出区域控制眼睛 运动和视觉空间注意力。 在第一种方法中，使用单个神经元记录来探测 猕猴前额视野的形成机制 达到空间精度。众所周知，前锋 神经元对大脑某一部位的刺激作出反应 视网膜，感受场。的接受领域 前额神经元在跳动的眼睛前瞬间发生变化 运动，所以在眼睛运动之前，他们会做出反应 刺激将在他们的接受领域之后 有动静。额叶神经元也显示出一种记忆 机制：它们对闪光的目标做出反应。 刺激措施已经离开了接受领域。这样的神经元也 响应最近闪现的目标，其空间位置 将被带入他们的接受领域的跳跃 眼球运动。 这些神经元提供了对机制的洞察 该动眼系统可以在空间上精确地执行 尽管眼睛在不停地运动，但他的举止还是很好的。 在第二次询问中，正常的眼球运动表现 用恒河猴来探索这一过程 这是眼球跳动的基础。猴子被训练成 执行快速扫视，非常短的潜伏期眼动 当没有当前的专心注视时就会发生这种情况。 然后他们接受了短期眼跳适应的训练， 一项旨在研究大脑可塑性的运动学习任务 猴子的运动行为。猴子在正常情况下接受训练 适应任务已经适应了快速眼跳；猴子 接受过表达适应训练的人也适应了正常 扫视。 在第三次调查中，眼球运动被用来跟踪 3型高雪病患者的临床状况 他们正在接受酶替代疗法。虽然 他们的肝脏大小和一般状况随着 治疗后，患者的眼球运动功能未见改善。

Three lines of inquiry were followed to determine how the cerebral cortex and its efferent regions control eye movements and visuospatial attention. In the first, a single neuron recording was used to probe the mechanisms whereby the frontal eye field of the monkey achives spatial accuracy. It is well known that frontal neurons respond to stimuli in a certain location int he retina, the receptive field. The receptive fields of frontal neurons transiently change before a saccadic eye movement, so that they respond, before the eye movement, to stimuli that will be in their receptive fields after the movement. Frontal neurons also demonstrate a memory mechanism: they respond to flashed targets well after the stimulus has left the receptive field. Such neurons also respond to recently flashed targets whose spatial location will be brought into their receptive fields by a saccadic eye movement. These neurons provide insight into the mechanism by which the oculomotor system can perform in a spatially accurate manner despite the constant motion of the eyes. In the second inquiry, the oculomotor performance of normal rhesus monkeys was used to probe the processing that underlies saccadic eye movement. Monkeys were trained to perform express saccades, very short-latency eye movements that occur when there is no current attentive fixation. They were then trained on short-term saccadic adaptation, a motor learning task designed to study the plasticity of motor behavior in the monkey. Monkeys trained on a normal adaptation task had adapted express saccades; monkeys trained on express adaptation also had adapted normal saccades. In the third inquiry, eye movements were used to follow the clinical status of patients with Type 3 Gaucher's disease who were receiving enzyme replacement therapy. Although their liver size and general status improved with treatment, their oculomotor performance failed to improve.