CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE--NEIGHBOR & GROUPS INFLUENCE AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR & ANXIETY

SPID编号：63 邻群的叫声和显示的影响 （“外部噪音”）对81只成年和幼年黑猩猩行为的影响 (Pan troglodytes）从219小时的行为数据评估。 更高 率的叫嚣，海崖显示，和竞争行为被发现时， 外部噪音水平很高。 外来噪音事件包括 直接导致组内激动作用增加的是 在邻近个体发声或 显示比以前。这种效应与行为模式相一致 在野外观察到，因此被认为是一种表达， 与人工圈养相反的物种典型行为。 外部噪音可能会在社会成员中产生不确定性。 由于作为激动剂靶向的风险增加， 行为 因此，它是一个有用的工具，用于检查关系 焦虑和行为之间的联系， 其他灵长类动物的流离失所活动（抓挠、自我梳理和 打哈欠）。 单笼黑猩猩，对他们来说，外部噪音没有携带 小组成员的攻击风险，没有显示出自我导向的增加， 当外部噪音水平很高时，群居的黑猩猩， 然而，显示了粗糙的划痕程度之间的对应关系， 外部噪音 外界噪音事件产生了即时影响 粗糙的抓挠，以及轻微的抓挠和打哈欠。 然而，对粗糙抓挠的影响持续时间更长， 邻近的个体发声或展示。 的联系没有被发现 自我修饰和压力情境之间的关系 这项研究表明，粗糙的抓挠是最可靠的， 是黑猩猩焦虑的敏感指标， 打哈欠可以被认为是这个物种的位移活动。

SPID#: 63 The influence of calls and displays produced by neighboring groups ('external noise') on the behavior of 81 adult and juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) was assessed from 219 hours of behavioral data. Higher rates of hooting, bluff displays, and agonistic behavior were found when levels of external noise were high. Incidents of external noise were directly responsible for such an increase intragroup agonism was significantly more common after neighboring individuals vocalized or displayed than before. This effect is congruous with behavioral patterns observed in the wild, and is therefore considered an expression of species-typical behavior as opposed to an artifact of captivity. External noise is likely to produce uncertainty among members of social groups because of the increased risk of being the target of agonistic behavior. It is therefore a useful tool for examining the relationship between anxiety and behaviors that have been previously reported as displacement activities in other primates (scratching, self-grooming, and yawning). Single-caged chimpanzees, for whom external noise carries no risk of aggression by group members, showed no increase in self-directed behavior when external noise level was high. Socially-housed chimpanzees, however, showed a correspondence between levels of rough scratching and external noise. Incidents of external noise produced an immediate effect on levels of rough scratching, as well as gentle scratching and yawning. However, the effect on rough scratching persisted longer after neighboring individuals vocalized or displayed. No association was found between self-grooming and the stressful situation investigated here. This study suggests that rough scratching is the most reliable and sensitive indicator of anxiety in chimpanzees, and that gentle scratching and yawning can be considered displacement activities in this species.