COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN THE ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RELATION

拟议的研究有一个长期目标，即了解如何 个体构建并应对其社会环境。工作 以态度的功能价值为中心， 通过这种态度来简化心理健康者的行为， 个体态度有助于个人应对群体， 每天遇到的各种刺激，因此，有助于有效的 日常运作。 一个关于态度及其激活的模型 记忆被提出。该模型集中在强度的 在记忆中的态度对象和一个人的评价之间的联系 对象。过去的研究发现，这种联系的力量， 从记忆中确定态度的可及性--反过来， 决定了姿态的力量和功能。四个项目，一个 其中三个涉及大规模实验， 一系列的实验，提出了作为各种线路的延续 在过去所进行的理论和实证研究中， 补助期。项目一集中在无障碍的功能价值上， 态度。这种态度被认为是简化了正在进行的日常 个人的存在，因为它们允许一个人容易地评价对象 不需要任何有意识的思考， 个人从社会的一些要求和压力 环境实验室和现场的最新发现 研究已经证明了这种功能。项目一涉及一个 继续实地研究工作，检查新生的 适应大学生活，并获得相关证据的大学生活， 可获得的态度与心理健康问题的相关性。 一个 计划进行相关性研究的实验复制。 项目二侧重于我们用来评估 自动姿态激活;该项目继续努力， 检查方法的价值，作为一个不引人注目的措施， 态度在应用该技术方面已取得相当大的进展 在种族态度方面。计划进行一系列实验， 继续检查这种非反应性和预测有效性， 不引人注目的措施。项目三解决了一个迄今为止尚未审查的问题， 也就是说，可接近的态度的成本。建议无障碍 态度会使个人思想封闭，不受影响。 姿态对象可能随时间表现出的变化。实验室 实验将研究可接近的态度的影响， 检测，以及个人的敏感性，在变化， 态度对象最后，项目四审查了 说服的态度模型。计划中的一系列实验重点是 一个特定的说服策略， 这些态度很容易从记忆中获得，因此， 典型地抵抗反说服。

The proposed research has the long-term objective of understanding of how individuals structure and cope with their social environments. The work centers upon the functional value of attitudes and examines the processes by which attitudes serve to simplify the behavior of mentally healthy individuals. Attitudes aid individuals in coping with the multitude and variety of stimuli encountered daily and, thus, contribute to effective daily functioning. A model concerning attitudes and their activation from memory has been proposed. The model centers upon the strength of the association in memory between the attitude object and one's evaluation of the object. Past research has found the strength of this association to determine the accessibility of the attitude from memory--which, in turn, determines the power and functionality of the attitude. Four projects, one of which involves a large-scale experiment and three of which involve a series of experiments, are proposed as a continuation of the various lines of theoretical and empirical work that have been pursued during the past grant period. Project I centers upon the functional value of accessible attitudes. Such attitudes are thought to simplify the ongoing day-to-day existence of the individual for they permit one to appraise objects easily and quickly without any need for conscious deliberation and, thus relieve the individual from some of the demands and stresses of the social environment. Recent findings from both laboratory experiments and field studies have demonstrated such functionality. Project I involves a continuation of the field research efforts, which examined freshmen's adjustment to college life and obtained correlational evidence of the relevance of accessible attitudes to mental health concerns. An experimental replication of the correlational investigation is planned. Project II focuses upon the methodology that we have used to assess automatic attitude activation; the project continues our efforts to examine the value of the methodology as an unobtrusive measure of attitude. Considerable progress has been made in employing the technique in the domain of racial attitudes. A series of experiments is planned to continue to examine the nonreactivity and predictive validity of this unobtrusive measure. Project III addresses an heretofore unexamined issue, namely, the costs of accessible attitudes. It is suggested that accessible attitudes can leave the individual rather closed-minded and impervious to changes that the attitude object might exhibit over time. Laboratory experiments will examine the impact of accessible attitudes upon, the detection of, as well as individuals' sensitivity to, changes in the attitude object. Finally, Project IV examines an implication of the attitude model for persuasion. The planned series of experiments focuses upon the efficacy of a particular persuasive strategy for modifying attitudes that are highly accessible from memory and, consequently, are typically resistant to counterpersuasion.