International Veterinary Vaccinology Network

在许多“中低收入国家”（LMICs），畜牧业（包括家禽和水产养殖）占农业国内生产总值的80%，大多数农村贫困人口将饲养牲畜作为确保收入或使收入多样化的一种手段。因此，通过开发和部署有效的兽医疫苗来提高牲畜生产力，不仅对于确保粮食供应和遏制在中低收入国家普遍存在的许多人畜共患病（即从动物传染给人类）疾病至关重要，而且对于确保收入，从而为减轻贫困提供了一条途径。尽管在中低收入国家开展了几次成功的解决牲畜卫生问题的多国合作，但仍然没有一个可供所有从事中低收入国家应用的兽医疫苗开发的研究人员随时访问的“通用”网络。在英国和中低收入国家的研究人员之间以及人类和兽医疫苗学领域的研究人员之间，增加知识和技术转让的需求仍未得到满足。在此，我们建议建立一个国际兽医疫苗学网络（IVVN），为整合来自生物科学家、其他专家（如经济学家）、产业界、政策制定者和监管机构的投入提供一个论坛，专门专注于开发针对中低收入国家重点牲畜疾病的疫苗。通过建立一个综合社区并促进在具有互补专业知识的科学家之间形成战略性设计的合作，IVVN将使解决阻碍疫苗开发的许多科学“瓶颈”的新方法得以采用。由于阻碍疫苗开发的许多科学障碍对人类和兽医疫苗学来说都是共同的，因此IVVN成员进行的研究将经常对人类疫苗开发产生影响，从而履行“一个健康”的职责。IVVN将积极寻求从可应用于疫苗开发的广泛学科中吸引科学家和工业伙伴（包括那些通常可能不考虑将其技能应用于低收入和中等收入国家或兽医问题的人）。IVVN将为新的跨学科伙伴关系提供机会，以应对即将形成的具体科学挑战（成员主导的年度科学会议和讲习班），然后通过资助初步实验以产生有助于开发新疫苗的新科学发现（注入资金和实验室交流）来支持这些伙伴关系。IVVN将确定整个兽医疫苗学领域的机会，在这些领域应用新的科学方法可以有效地解决疫苗设计的长期障碍；为了跟上这些机会，IVVN组建了一个管理委员会，该委员会拥有广泛的兽医和人类疫苗学专业知识，能够快速整合新的科学发展和挑战，并招募新的IVVN成员，使人们能够利用这些发展和挑战。这个新的网络将与英国兽医疫苗学网络（UK- vvn）一起工作；管理小组的重叠和两个网络的成员资格将确保它们协同工作并带来互利。为实现其目标，IVVN必须在中低收入国家农业部门的背景下考虑疫苗学；这些知识将由低收入和中等收入国家的疫苗学家和工业合作伙伴提供，他们的代表和领导将是IVVN成功的基础。

In many 'low-middle-income-countries' (LMICs) the livestock sector (including poultry and aquaculture) accounts for up to 80% of agricultural GDP, with a majority of the rural poor raising livestock as a means of securing or diversifying income. Improving livestock productivity through the development and deployment of effective veterinary vaccines is thus critical not only to secure food supply and contain the many zoonotic (i.e. transmissible from animal to human) diseases that are prevalent in LMICs, but also to secure income and thus offer a pathway for alleviating poverty.Despite several successful multi-national collaborations addressing livestock health in LMICs there is still not a 'universal' Network that can be readily accessed by all researchers working on veterinary vaccine development for LMIC-application. There is also a continuing unmet demand for increased knowledge and technology transfer between researchers in the UK and LMICs and also between researchers in the human and veterinary vaccinology communities. Here we propose the formation of an International Veterinary Vaccinology Network (IVVN) that provides a forum for the integration of inputs from biological scientists, other specialists (e.g. economists), industry, policymakers and regulatory bodies to focus specifically on development of vaccines for priority livestock diseases of LMICs. By establishing an integrated community and facilitating the formation of strategically devised collaborations between scientists with complementary expertise, the IVVN will enable new approaches to tackling the many scientific 'bottle-necks' that frustrate vaccine development to be adopted. As many of the scientific obstacles that impede development of vaccines are common to both human and veterinary vaccinology, the research conducted by IVVN members will frequently have implications for human vaccine development and so fulfil a 'one-health' remit.The IVVN will actively seek to engage scientists and industrial partners (including those who may not usually consider applying their skills to LMIC or veterinary problems) from the breadth of disciplines that can be applied to vaccine development. The IVVN will provide opportunities for new inter-disciplinary partnerships that tackle specific scientific challenges to be formed (member-led annual scientific meetings and workshops) and then support these partnerships by funding preliminary experiments to generate novel scientific findings (pump-priming funding and laboratory exchanges) that will contribute to the development of new vaccines. The IVVN will identify opportunities across the whole spectrum of veterinary vaccinology where application of new scientific approaches can effectively address long-standing obstacles to vaccine design; to keep abreast of these opportunities the IVVN has assembled a management board that has a wide profile of veterinary and human vaccinology expertise that will enable rapid integration of new scientific developments and challenges and recruitment of new IVVN members that can bring access to these. This new Network will work alongside the UK Veterinary Vaccinology Network (UK-VVN); overlap of the management groups and membership of the two networks will ensure they function collaboratively and bring mutual benefits. To achieve its aim, it is essential that the IVVN considers vaccinology within the context of the agricultural sectors of LMICs; this knowledge will be provided by LMIC vaccinologists and industrial partners whose representation and leadership will be fundamental to the success of the IVVN.