DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PERSONAL AEROSOL SAMPLERS

描述：(改编自《调查者摘要》) 开发抽样仪器，用于评估职业 人们暴露于与健康状况最相关的气雾剂组分。是这样的 仪器设备对于未来的流行病学、风险评估和 为一系列职业暴露限值(OEL)设定 与气溶胶有关的疾病，包括哮喘和慢性肺梗阻 疾病。考虑到新的气雾剂标准，这是及时的 美国和世界范围内正在出现的曝光。这个 特定的仪器，这是拟议研究的主题， 是独一无二的，因为它将使相关馏分的气溶胶采样成为可能 以比目前低得多的采样流率进行 练习一下。这又意味着更小、更轻的采样泵 (已经商业化)可以使用，相关性能大大提高 方便所有员工，尤其是那些有困难的员工 现有制度(例如，老年工人、一些女性和--更广泛地说 环境暴露评估的背景--儿童)。这项研究已经 有两个科学组成部分。首先，它将利用当前关于以下方面的新知识 气溶胶采样器的物理采样特性研究 法律规定，特定健康相关部分的新采样器，特别是 可吸入和胸部(由ACGIH定义)，可设计用于操作 比现有设备的流速低得多。其次，由此产生的新的 设备将在实验室中进行测试和校准(并修改为 适当的)，然后对照 位于镍业初级生产设施的油田。后者将 能够审查测量金属气溶胶暴露量的可行性 从数量小得多的材料中，使用 新设备。初步开发工作将在 专门建造的风洞，以及样品的分析测试 在工作场所获得的研究将由电感耦合等离子体质谱仪在课堂上进行 100个干净的设施，都在密歇根大学。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) This research sets out to develop sampling instrumentation by which to assess the occupational exposures of people to aerosol fractions most relevant to ill-health. Such instrumentation is essential for future epidemiology, risk estimation and the setting of occupational exposure limits (OELs) for a whole range of aerosol-related disease, including asthma and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease. It is timely in the light of the new standards for aerosol exposures which are emerging in the United States and worldwide. The particular instrumentation, which is the subject of the proposed research, is unique in that it will enable aerosol sampling of the relevant fractions to be carried out at much lower sampling flowrates than is currently the practice. This means in turn that much smaller and lighter sampling pumps (already available commercially) can be used, with associated much improved convenience to all workers, but especially those who have difficulty with existing systems (e.g., older workers, some females and - in the wider context of environmental exposure assessment - children). The research has two scientific components. Firstly, it will use current new knowledge about the physical sampling characteristics of aerosol samplers to develop scaling laws so that new samplers for given health-related fractions, specifically inhalable and thoracic (as defined by the ACGIH), can be designed to operate at much lower flowrates than existing devices. Secondly, the resulting new devices will be tested and calibrated in the laboratory (and modified as appropriate) and then validated against current reference instruments in the field at nickel industry primary production facilities. The latter will enable examination of the feasibility of measuring metal aerosol exposures from the much smaller amounts of material that will be collected using the new devices. The initial development work will be carried out in the purpose-built wind tunnel, and the analytical assays for the samples obtained in the workplace studies will be performed by ICP-MS in the Class 100 clean facility, both at the University of Michigan.