Developing a behavioural intervention to increase lay-people's intentions to initiate CPR in the event of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)

这个项目是关于什么的？该项目旨在通过帮助确保接受过复苏训练的人有能力和信心提供帮助，来增加“院外心脏骤停”后的存活人数。我们将使用短信来传递行为改变技术。为什么它很重要？在英国，每年有6万多人“院外心脏骤停”。心脏骤停是指某人的心脏突然停止跳动。当这种情况发生在医院外，例如在家中或停车场，这被称为“院外心脏骤停”（OHCA）。如果不立即复苏，就会导致死亡。目前，在英国，只有十分之一的人（10%）在院外心脏骤停后存活下来。然而，欧洲的一些地区已经实现了更高的存活率（高达四分之一，或25%的存活率），我们希望与之匹配。目前正在对此做些什么？在欧洲存活率最高的地区，公众对心肺复苏术（进行口对口心肺复苏术和按压患者胸部）的接受率也很高。如果能立即开始心肺复苏术，人们存活的可能性会增加4倍。在英国，我们正在培训尽可能多的公众成员进行心肺复苏术，但仅靠这一点是不够的，因为只有一小部分接受过心肺复苏术培训的人在遇到心脏骤停的人时会尝试进行心肺复苏术。人们给出的不尝试心肺复苏术的原因包括对自己的心肺复苏术技能缺乏信心，不确定病人是否真的心脏骤停，以及担心造成伤害。这项研究将如何提供帮助？我们可以通过使用“行为改变技术”来提高人们的信心。它们已经被证明在帮助人们戒烟、减肥或进行更多运动等方面取得了成功，我们认为它们可以帮助做心肺复苏术。通过短信传递行为改变技术，我们可以在人们接受最初的心肺复苏术培训后与他们保持很长一段时间的联系，并使用视频、图像等方式使我们的信息更有吸引力、更有效。我们希望这种方法能帮助接受过心肺复苏术培训的人保持信心、能力，并在必要时做好开始心肺复苏术的准备。这项研究涉及到什么？我们是一个在心肺复苏术培训、复苏和行为改变技术方面具有专业知识的团队。我们将与公众（其中一些人接受过心肺复苏术培训）、心肺复苏术培训专家、创意专业人士（如平面设计师）合作，为人们开发一个基于短信的程序，作为心肺复苏术培训的一部分。这项研究将帮助我们弄清楚如何使信息对接收它们的人有用，并确定应该包括哪些内容（例如简单的短信、动画或短视频）；我们应该在什么时候和多久联系一次别人；消息应该如何交互，等等。一旦我们开发了这个支持项目，我们将在一小部分人（20人）身上进行测试，这样我们就可以根据他们告诉我们的情况来改进它。学习结束后会发生什么？我们将申请其他资金，这样我们就可以在大量人群中测试我们的支持计划。这将表明，如果有人在院外心脏骤停，它在帮助接受过心肺复苏术培训的人变得自信、有能力并准备好开始心肺复苏术方面是多么有效。

What is this project about? This project aims to increase the number of people who survive after an "out of hospital cardiac arrest" by helping make sure that people who are trained in resuscitation feel able and confident enough to help. We will do this using text-messages to deliver behaviour change techniques. Why is it important? Every year in the United Kingdom, over 60,000 people have an "out of hospital cardiac arrest". A cardiac arrest is when someone's heart stops suddenly. When this happens outside a hospital e.g. at home or in a car park, this is known as an "out of hospital cardiac arrest" (OHCA). It results in death if the person is not resuscitated immediately. Currently, only one in ten people (10%) survive an out of hospital cardiac arrest in the UK. However, some areas in Europe have achieved higher rates of survival (up to a quarter, or 25% survive) which we'd like to match. What is currently being done about this? The areas in Europe that have achieved the highest rates of survival have achieved high rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and compressing the person's chest) by members of the public. If CPR can be started immediately, people are 4 times more likely to survive. In the UK, we are training as many members of the public as possible to perform CPR but this alone is not quite enough because only a small proportion of the people trained in CPR actually attempt it when they encounter someone in cardiac arrest. The reasons people give for not attempting CPR include things like lack of confidence in their CPR skills, being uncertain whether the person is actually having a cardiac arrest and being worried about doing harm. How will this study help? We can improve people's confidence by using something called "behaviour change techniques". They have been shown to be successful in helping people to stop smoking, lose weight or take more exercise, etc. and we think they can help with the behaviour of doing CPR. Delivering the behaviour change techniques using text-messages will allow us to stay in touch with people for a long time after their initial CPR training and to use videos, images etc. to make our messages appealing and more effective. We hope this approach will help people trained in CPR to remain confident, competent and ready to start CPR if required.What's involved in this study? We are a team with expertise in CPR training, resuscitation and behaviour change techniques. We will work with members of the public (some will have been trained in CPR), experts in CPR training, creative professionals (e.g graphic designers) to develop a text-message based programme for people to receive as part of their CPR training. The research will help us work out how to make the messages useful to those who receive them and to work out what should be included (e.g. simple text messages, aminations or short videos); when and how often we should contact people; how interactive the messages should be, etc. Once we have developed this programme of support, we will test it in a small number of people (20), so we can improve it, based on what they tell us. What happens after the study? We will apply for other funding, so that we can test our programme of support in a very large number of people. This will show how effective it is in helping people trained in CPR to be confident, competent and ready to start CPR if someone has an out of hospital cardiac arrest.