EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF LUNG CANCER

肺癌是#年癌症死亡的主要原因。 男性和女性，在过去的几十年里发生了很大的变化。我们 都观察到并报告了人造烟草的含量 自1950年以来，该病的病理发生了显著变化。 特别是，在过去的几十年里，有一种 腺癌与鳞癌的比例增加不成比例 而在同一时期，焦油和尼古丁含量 卷烟降幅超过60%。我们的工作假设是 肺的组织学类型和解剖位置的显著变化 在过去几十年中观察到的肿瘤与 市场上不同品牌的香烟种类发生了变化 人口的一部分。对于这个项目，我们提出了以下建议 目的：(1)研究组织学类型与肺癌发病风险的关系 低产量和高产量的香烟；(2)确定女性是否在 与吸烟水平相同的男性相比，患肺癌的风险更大 其他与性别有关的因素，如雌激素替代疗法 与肺癌风险增加有关；(3)确定 在特定水平上，黑人患肺癌的风险比白人高。 (4)使用我们的历史数据库和研究 基础设施，以继续快速响应新兴和悬而未决的问题 与肺癌有关的问题，包括：(A)与 暴露在柴油发动机废气中，(B)可能的保护作用 非类固醇抗炎药，以及(C) 年环境烟草烟雾暴露评估的可靠性 非吸烟病例和对照。

The epidemiology of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women, has changed considerably over the past several decades. We have observed and reported that both the content of manufactured tobacco and the pathology of the disease have undergone marked changes since 1950. In particular, over the past several decades there has been a disproportionate increase in adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, while during the same period the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes fell by more than 60%. It is our working hypothesis that dramatic changes in the histologic type and anatomic location of lung tumors observed during the past several decades are directly related to the marketplace shift in the types of cigarettes smoked by different segments of the population. For this Project we propose the following aims: (1) to study the risk of lung cancer by histology type in relation to low- and higher-yield cigarettes; (2) to determine whether women are at a greater risk for lung cancer than men for a given level of smoking, and whether other gender-related factors such as estrogen replacement therapy are associated with increased lung cancer risk; (3) to determine whether blacks are at a greater risk for lung cancer than whites for a given level of cigarette smoking; and (4) using our historic data base and research infrastructure, to continue to respond rapidly to emerging and unresolved issues related to lung cancer, including (a) risks associated with exposure to diesel engine exhaust, (b) a possible protective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (c) determination of the reliability of assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nonsmoking cases and controls.