ODOR AFFECTIVITY--ANTERIOR TEMPORAL LOBECTOMY

从神经生物学的角度来看，情绪牵涉到一种复杂的 核心边缘结构和上覆皮质之间的相互作用。近期 有证据表明，这两个大脑半球扮演着不同的角色 在调节情绪行为的组成部分方面，尽管精确的 这种情况发生的方式是有争议的。全球权利 半球模型假设右半球内的神经系统 在情绪行为的各个方面都起着至关重要的作用。在……里面 相比之下，二价模型假设右侧的前部区域 大脑半球(RH)调节负面/退缩情绪的体验， 而左脑则负责调节积极/接近的情绪。 为了解决这一问题，将介绍有RH或LH卒中的患者 情感激发刺激的标准化集合(情感幻灯片， 情绪化的非语言声音、情绪化的句子)是积极的和 反面色调。在这些任务中，情绪的多个指标 将获得响应度，包括心理生理(心率、 双侧SCR)、躯体(双侧面部肌电)、惊恐眨眼、以及 口头报告措施。按照设计，拟议的研究将使 US以确定局灶性皮质病变的LH或RH如何区分 改变情绪反应，以及它们的改变是否是价态- 特定的、特定于材料的、特定于通道的或特定于“测量”的。 将讨论以下问题：(A)是否存在差异 情绪反应系统(即，HR，SCR，面部肌电， 眨眼，口头报告)由于右侧皮质与左侧皮质的完整性 地区？到目前为止，之前对情绪的神经行为研究依赖于 几乎完全依赖于对一种情绪反应系统的评估 (即，口头报告，或SCR)；(B)是对 右侧病变与右侧病变对惊吓反应的影响不同 左半球，半球内病变部位重要吗？近期 来自正常人的证据表明，令人震惊的眨眼的程度 在消极情绪状态下，反射增强，而减弱 在积极的情感状态下。当前不存在人工数据 关于哪个皮质区域(S)可能对情感有贡献 惊吓反应的调制，或者大脑半球的不对称 可能存在；(C)调查结果是否更符合一项全球权利 大脑半球还是情绪处理的二价模型？

From a neurobiological perspective, emotion involves a complex interaction between core limbic structures and overlying cortex. Recent evidence suggests that the two cerebral hemispheres play different roles in modulating the components of emotional behavior, although the precise manner by which this occurs is controversial. The global right hemisphere model posits that neural systems within the right hemisphere are crucially involved in all aspects of emotional behavior. In contrast, the bivalent model posits that anterior regions of the right hemisphere (RH) mediate the experience of negative/withdrawal emotions, whereas the left hemisphere (LH) mediates positive/approach emotions. To address this, patients with strokes of the RH or LH will be presented standardized sets of emotion-eliciting stimuli (affective slides, emotional nonverbal sounds, emotional sentences) that are positively and negatively toned. During these tasks, multiple measures of emotional responsivity will be obtained including psychophysiological (heart rate, bilateral SCR), somatic (bilateral facial EMG), startle eyeblinks, and verbal report measures. As designed, the proposed studies will enable us to determine how focal cortical lesions of the LH or RH differentially alter emotional reactivity, and whether their alteration is valence- specific, material-specific, modality-specific, or "measure" specific. The following questions will be addressed: (a) Is there differential decoupling among the emotion response systems (i.e., HR, SCR, facial EMG, eyeblink, verbal report) due to the integrity of right vs. left cortical regions? To date, prior neurobehavioral studies of emotion have relied almost exclusively on evaluation of only one response system of emotion (i.e., verbal report, or SCR) at a time; (b) Is valence modulation of the startle response differently affected by lesions within the right versus left hemisphere, and is intrahemispheric lesion site important? Recent evidence from normals suggests that the magnitude of the startle eyeblink reflex is augmented during negative affective states and diminished during positive affective states. No human data currently exist concerning which cortical area(s) might contribute to affective modulation of the startle response, or whether hemispheric asymmetries might exist; (c) Are findings more consistent with a global right hemisphere versus a bivalent model of emotional processing?