PET ACTIVATION STUDIES OF WORDS

拟议研究的主要目标是利用现代技术 正常受试者的脑功能成像研究 与语言处理的特定方面相关的领域。这 目前的提议将重点从语言作为一个整体缩小到 在三个方面进行了单词水平的实验： 1)旨在识别参与规则的大脑区域的实验- 基于联想记忆和基于联想记忆的语言过程。许多人最近 认知心理学研究的重点是区分 在语言过程之间使用 基于规则的机制和基于存储的机制 联想。许多研究，包括我们自己的一些工作， 表明这些不同类型的流程涉及不同的 大脑区域。提出了一些实验，解决了 这种解离的概括性以及使用 不同类型的过程可以通过实验进行操作。 2)旨在探索大脑区域和语音的实验 流程。病变行为和功能成像研究 已经提出了特定大脑区域之间的特定关联 和不同的语音过程(包括声学的， 发音和单词-声音过程)。目前有一些 研究之间有趣的重叠，以及一些有趣的 解离。拟议的研究将使我们能够进一步 探索不同过程中所涉及的过程的性质 语音任务，并解决所扮演的不同角色 颞区和额区。 3)探索与语义过程相关的特定领域。 几项研究表明，左侧颞叶中段和左侧 额叶区域可以由包括某种形式的任务来激活 语义(词义)分析。拟议中的实验 在以前研究的基础上，检查以下因素的影响 作为输入的情态，语义信息主体的类型 需要分析，以及如何在上访问该信息 大脑区域的激活。 虽然这项建议侧重于正常情况下的语言过程 科目，从这种研究中获得的知识应该是相关的 涉及广泛的健康问题。例如，语言 损害是中风最悲惨的后果之一， 影像研究，因为这些研究可以提供与 理解行为缺陷。同样，更深层次的 对正常功能的理解应提供更有针对性的 未来的康复策略。在最广泛的意义上， 对正常语言功能的研究，使用所有可用的途径 美国，包括功能神经成像，应该会导致更深层次的 了解相关问题，并采取更好的方法 他们的解决方案。

The major goal of the proposed research is to employ modern functional neuroimaging in normal subjects to characterize brain areas related to specific aspects of language processing. This current proposal narrows the focus from language as a whole to experiments at the level of single words in three areas: 1) experiments designed to identify brain regions involved in rule- based vs. associative memory based language processes. Many recent cognitive psychological studies have focused upon the distinction between language processes which produce transformations using rule-based mechanisms, and those which are based upon stored associations. Many studies, including some of our own work, suggest these different types of processes involve distinct sets of brain regions. Experiments are proposed which address the generality of this dissociation and the extent to which the use of the different types of processes can be experimentally manipulated. 2) experiments designed to explore brain regions to phonological processes. Both lesion-behavior and functional imaging studies have suggested specific correlations between specific brain regions and different phonological processes (including acoustic, articulatory, and word-sound processes). There are currently some intriguing overlaps between studies, as well as some interesting dissociations. The proposed studies will allow us to further explore the nature of the processes involved in different phonological tasks, and to address the different roles played by temporal and frontal regions. 3) to explore specific areas related to semantic processes. Several studies have suggested both left middle temporal and frontal regions may be activated by tasks which include some form of semantic (word meaning) analysis. The proposed experiments build upon previous studies by examining the effect of factors such as the modality of input, the type of semantic information subjects are required to analyze, and how that information is accessed on the activation of brain regions. While this proposal focuses on language processes in normal subjects, the knowledge gained from such studies should be relevant across a wide range of health issues. For example, language impairment is one of the most tragic consequences of stroke, and imaging studies as these may provide information relevant to understanding behavioral deficits. Likewise, a deeper understanding of normal function should provide more targeted rehabilitative strategies in the future. In the broadest sense, studies of normal language function, using all avenues available to us, including functional neuroimaging, should lead to a deeper understanding of the related problems, and to better approaches to their solution.