Ecologies of violence: heritage and conflict in more-than-human worlds

我原来的FLF项目，物质记忆（2019年5月至2023年4月），探索考古学和遗产研究的贡献，以了解在二十世纪世纪的冲突和独裁政权在南美洲发生后，在与阿根廷法医人类学团队（EAAF）的合作伙伴关系正在进行的社会和文化的伤疤。经资助者批准，该项目的地理范围随后扩大到包括东南亚（特别是老挝），以在2019年在老挝和柬埔寨进行的GCRF资助的实地考察的基础上，为该项目引入比较方面，而我正在等待原始申请的结果。这一更新提案建立在原始项目的基础上，并通过探索冲突和专制暴力对自然遗产和环境的影响，关注人类世界中冲突的物质记忆。虽然武装冲突对受影响社区的（已建和可移动）文化遗产的影响受到遗产研究和考古学者的极大关注，但暴力对生物多样性和自然遗产的物理和生态影响迄今在很大程度上被忽视。同样，自1954年《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》起草以来，文化遗产得到了国际政策保护（可以说，更早的时候通过其他政策和公约得到了保护），但目前还没有关于发生武装冲突时保护自然环境的公约。更新项目的创新之处在于提出了一种全面和比较的方法，将对巴拉圭、老挝和法国自然和文化遗产在二十世纪世纪遭受暴力的持久影响的探索结合在一起。后者是一个新的补充，旨在将该项目的比较要素扩大到全球北方，并扩大国际伙伴和协作者网络。在此过程中，该项目将展示这些过去/当地的影响如何与当前/全球关注的问题相关，包括气候和灭绝紧急情况以及全球社会和经济不平等的持续问题。传统上，人们认为遗产保护与自然和文化衰退的进程相对立，应该减缓或阻止这种进程，而对遗产和暴力生态的探索则扭转了这一点，转而询问我们如何能够在无处不在、广泛存在、有时甚至有毒的冲突副产品和残余物中生存，这些副产品和残余物持续存在，不容易腐烂，并对后代的景观产生影响。这些风景讲述了二十世纪更重要的遗产;工业化冲突如何不可逆转地重塑了地球，以及根据人类世人类对地球的重大转变，我们都将越来越需要学会与破坏的景观一起生活。与一系列组织建立新的国际和地方伙伴关系和合作关系该项目将通过与非政府组织（包括排雷非政府组织和自然保护机构）和研究人员的合作，在汇集与文化和自然遗产有关的国际研究、政策制定和实践方面发挥领导作用，探索它们之间的相互作用和关系。通过研究暴力对当地景观、生态和人民的影响，并探索相关的人权和非人权概念，该项目将展示景观如何“记住”过去对文化和自然的暴力，以及这些物质和生物创伤如何在当代世界持续存在并继续影响当地社区。

My original FLF project, Material Memories (May 2019-April 2023), explores the contributions of archaeology and heritage studies to understanding the ongoing social and cultural scars that occur in the aftermath of twentieth century conflicts and authoritarian regimes in South America, in partnership with the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (EAAF). The geographical scope of the project was subsequently expanded to include Southeast Asia (specifically Laos), as approved by the funder, to introduce a comparative aspect to the project, building on GCRF-funded fieldwork undertaken in Laos and Cambodia in 2019 whilst I was awaiting the results of the original application. This renewal proposal builds on and compliments the original project by focusing on the material memories of conflict in more-than-human worlds through an exploration of the impact of conflict and authoritarian violence on natural heritage and the environment. While the impact of armed conflict on (built and moveable) cultural heritage in affected communities has received significant attention from scholars in heritage studies and archaeology, the physical and ecological imprint of violence on biodiversity and natural heritage has thus far largely been neglected. Similarly, cultural heritage has received international policy protection since the drafting of the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (and arguably earlier through other policies and conventions), but no such convention currently exists for the protection of the natural environment in the event of armed conflict. The renewal project is innovative in proposing a holistic and comparative approach that brings together an exploration of the lasting impacts of twentieth century violence on both natural and cultural heritage in Paraguay, Laos and France. The latter is a new addition to expand the comparative elements of the project to the global north and broaden the network of international partners and collaborators. In doing so, the project will show how these past/local impacts relate to issues of present/planetary concern, including the climate and extinction emergencies and ongoing issues of global social and economic inequality. While heritage practices are conventionally understood to be pitted against processes of natural and cultural decay, which should be slowed or arrested, exploring the heritage and ecologies of violence reverses this to ask how instead we might exist amongst the ubiquitous, widespread and sometimes toxic by-products and remnants of conflict which persist, do not readily decay and impact upon landscapes for generations to come. These landscapes speak to a more significant legacy of the twentieth century; how industrialized conflicts have reshaped the planet irreversibly and how, in light of the significant human planetary transformations of the Anthropocene, we will all increasingly need to learn to live with and in landscapes of devastation.Building new international and local partnerships and collaborations with a range of organisations (including demining NGOs and nature conservation agencies) and researchers, the project will show leadership in bringing together international research, policy-making and practice in relation to cultural and natural heritage, exploring the interfaces and relationships between them. Through studying the local impacts of violence on landscapes, ecologies and people, and exploring associated concepts of human and non-human rights, the project will show how landscapes 'remember' past violence against both culture and nature, and how these material and biological scars persist in the contemporary world and continue to affect local communities.