INTRACELLULAR RNA SORTING, TRANSPORT AND LOCALIZATION

RNA分选、靶向mRNA转运和局部蛋白质合成的重要性已经变得显而易见，这是由于集中于各种分子、细胞和发育问题的研究的信息的汇聚。 在过去的15年中，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的多种细胞类型中，从卵母细胞到上皮细胞到神经元和神经胶质细胞，已经鉴定出超过70种细胞内定位的RNA。 此外，不同种类的蛋白质由定位的RNA编码，包括转录因子、RNA结合蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白、蛋白酶、细胞内信号传导分子和分泌的生长因子。 现在清楚的是，靶向特定的细胞内位置的mRNA在生物过程中起着关键作用，包括卵母细胞极性的建立，早期胚胎分化，体细胞极化和功能，突触生长和脊椎动物神经系统的可塑性。拟议会议的目标是在1994年，1996年和1998年举行的三次非常成功的FASEB夏季会议的基础上，将具有广泛背景和观点的研究人员聚集在一起，他们使用各种实验方法研究RNA分选和定位。 目的是探讨共同的主题和问题，包括：（i）RNA定位在无脊椎动物和脊椎动物胚胎细胞谱系和轴向极性建立中的作用;（ii）将mRNA靶向特定细胞内位置的顺式作用信号和反式作用因子的性质;（iii）所涉及的递送系统的性质;（iv）mRNA的表达与细胞内mRNA的表达之间的关系。（iv）一旦mRNA到达其适当的目的地，锚定位mRNA的机制;（v）存在于单个细胞类型内的不同目的地的性质和数量的定义;（vi）mRNA易位和分选受细胞外和细胞内信号传导过程调节的程度;（vii）参与RNA从细胞核到细胞质以及在某些情况下从细胞质到细胞核的转运的机制;以及（viii）RNA分选在细胞功能如翻译控制中发挥作用的多种方式。

The importance of RNA sorting, targeted mRNA transport, and local protein synthesis has become evident as a result of the convergence of information from studies focusing on a variety of molecular, cellular and developmental questions. During the past fifteen years, over seventy intracellularly localized RNAs have been identified in a diversity of cell types in both vertebrates and invertebrates, ranging from oocytes to epithelial cells to neurons and glia. In addition, diverse classes of proteins are encoded by localized RNAs, including transcription factors, RNA- binding proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteases, intracellular signaling molecules and secreted growth factors. It is now clear that the targeting of mRNAs to particular intracellular locations plays a key role in biological processes that include the establishment of oocyte polarity, early embryonic differentiation, somatic cell polarization and function, synapse growth, and plasticity in the vertebrate nervous system. The goal of the proposed conference is to build on three highly successful FASEB summer conferences on the topic that were held in 1994, 1996 and 1998, buy bringing together researchers with a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives who study RNA sorting and localization using a variety of experimental approaches. It is the intent to explore common themes and questions including: (i) The role of RNA localization in the establishment of embryonic cell lineages and axial polarity in invertebrates and vertebrates; (ii) the nature of the cis-acting signals and trans- acting factors that target mRNAs to particular intracellular locations; (iii) the nature of the delivery systems that are involved; (iv) the mechanisms that anchor localized mRNAs once they reach their proper destinations; (v) definition of the nature and number of different destinations that reside within individual cell types; (vi) the extent to which mRNA translocation and sorting is regulated by extracellular and intracellular signaling processes; (vii) the mechanisms involved in transport of RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and in some cases from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; and (viii) the multiple ways in which RNA sorting plays a role in cellular function such as translational control.