Carbon Capture and Storage: Realising the Potential

碳捕获和封存(CCS)技术对全球减少化石燃料二氧化碳排放的努力具有潜在的重要贡献。如果成功开发和部署，它们可以在实现大幅减排的同时，继续使用化石燃料。尽管正在积极开发，但CCS的技术、经济和财务可行性仍存在很大的不确定性。该项目将由苏塞克斯大学、爱丁堡大学和帝国理工学院组成的三个机构合作，与研究用户组织密切合作，从现在到2030年对CCS的可行性进行独立的、跨学科的评估。研究结果将有助于对CCS的学术理解、公共政策制定和业务分析。该项目团队包括CCS工程和储存、低碳创新分析以及能源经济和政策方面的专业知识。该项目有三个主要目标：帮助政策制定者根据一系列标准了解CCS技术成功商业化的条件，并就是否强制化石燃料发电厂和其他大型化石燃料排放源使用这些技术提供政策决策；通过研究过去与CCS相似的创新以及这些技术的开发和部署方式，开发一种评估新兴低碳技术的新方法。-通过提供CCS技术的独立专业知识来源，通过加强对其在低碳能源系统中的潜在作用的了解，并通过开发工具来评估具有多种不确定性的技术以实现这些目标，为英国能源研究中心的研究计划做出贡献，该研究项目包括三项主要研究活动和一项参与和传播计划。研究内容包括：1.CCS不确定度关键维度的识别。不确定性的维度包括从示范到实用规模的扩大(CCS技术尚未实现这一点)、组件技术之间的集成(CCS系统的组件存在，但不在集成系统中)以及公众可接受性等问题。这项活动将借鉴学术文献和从业人员(例如政策制定者和金融家)对技术评估的见解。2.技术案例研究。本活动将考察有助于理解CCS不确定性维度的历史和当代技术。将选择8-10项技术进行分析，包括政府政策、私营部门战略和其他因素影响其发展的方式。可能的案例研究包括核电、北海石油和天然气投资，以及军事、航空航天和其他公用事业部门的技术。3.分析容器服务到2030年的发展和部署情况。本活动将探讨如何在英国演示和部署CCS技术。其他技术的案例研究和不确定性维度将被用来分析这些部署的“路径”。分析的一个关键问题将是能源市场的变化对投资CCS技术的风险的影响。该项目还将比较英国CCS的可能途径与其他国家--特别是中国和美国--在传播和参与方面的类似分析，该项目将从早期阶段定期产生产出，在项目网站上公布，并将在2012年春季产生最终报告。该项目将为英国的政策提供具体的建议和影响。它将通过一个指导小组与政策制定者、公司、监管机构和环境团体等利益攸关方接触，该指导小组将定期开会，就进展和新出现的产出提出建议。

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies are potentially important contributors to global efforts to reduce fossil fuel emissions of CO2. If successfully developed and deployed, they could allow the continued use of fossil fuels whilst achieving large reductions in emissions. Although under active development, there are significant uncertainties about the technical, economic and financial viability of CCS. This project will conduct an independent, inter-disciplinary assessment of CCS viability from now to 2030, by a three-institution partnership from the Universities of Sussex, Edinburgh and Imperial College in close co-operation with research user organisations. Results will contribute to academic understanding, public policy making and business analysis of CCS. The project team includes expertise in CCS engineering and storage; in the analysis of low carbon innovation; and in energy economics and policy. The project has three main objectives: - To help policy makers to understand the conditions for successful commercialisation of CCS technologies with respect to a range of criteria - and to inform policy decisions on whether to make these technologies mandatory for fossil fuel power plants and other large sources of fossil fuel emissions - To develop a new approach to the assessment of emerging low carbon technologies by studying past innovations with similar characteristics to CCS, and the way in which they were developed and deployed. - To contribute to the UK Energy Research Centre's research programme by providing a source of independent expertise in CCS technologies, by improving understanding of their potential role in low carbon energy systems, and by developing tools to assess technologies with multiple uncertainties To meet these objectives, the research project includes three main research activities and a programme of engagement and dissemination. The research activities are: 1. The identification of key dimensions of uncertainty for CCS. Dimensions of uncertainty include issues such as scaling up from demonstration to utility scale (CCS technologies have yet to achieve this), integrating component technologies with one another (components of CCS systems exist, but not in an integrated system) and public acceptability. This activity will draw on insights on technology appraisal from the academic literature and practitioners (e.g. policy makers and financiers). 2. Technology case studies. This activity will examine historical and contemporary technologies that can help to understand the dimensions of uncertainty for CCS. 8-10 technologies will be chosen for analysis, including the way in which government policy, private sector strategies and other factors have affected their development. Possible case studies include nuclear power, North Sea oil and gas investment, and technologies from the military, aerospace and other utility sectors. 3. The analysis of CCS development and deployment to 2030. This activity will explore how CCS technologies might be demonstrated and deployed in the UK. The case studies of other technologies and the dimensions of uncertainty will be used to analyse these 'pathways' to deployment. A key issue for the analysis will be influence of changes in the energy market on the risks of investing in CCS technologies. The project will also compare possible pathways for CCS in the UK with similar analyses in other countries - particularly China and the USA With respect to dissemination and engagement, the project will produce outputs regularly from an early stage, publish them on a project website, and will produce a final report in spring 2012. The project will develop specific advice and implications for UK policy. It will engage with stakeholders such as policy makers, firms, regulators and environmental groups through a steering group that will meet regularly to advise on progress and emerging outputs.