APPLICATION OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL MODELS TO VISUAL DISORDERS

描述（摘自摘要）：本研究的长期目标是 将视觉障碍患者的功能缺陷与潜在的 细胞病理生理学 更好地理解这些关系 将有助于治疗试验的设计， 个体患者的评估，并指导生物分子和 生理学研究 该研究使用定量模型，严格 心理物理学方法，以及精心挑选的患者人群， 研究功能缺陷和生物损伤之间的联系。 拟议的研究重点是神经节细胞的心理物理措施 在相对暗点（灵敏度降低的局部区域）中的功能 患有进展性疾病的患者，主要损害仅一类 神经元：视网膜神经节细胞（青光眼）或感光细胞（视网膜炎 色素沉着）。 对于这两种疾病，关于细胞的影响存在争议 损伤，以及细胞死亡的机制。 有三个具体目标： 1）模拟神经节细胞损伤对视野阈值的影响。 和 将这些模型应用于患者数据。 定性模型已经 建议用视网膜神经节细胞来解释相对暗点 但没有建立定量模型。 关于人类和 猕猴神经节细胞嵌合体将用于建立定量模型， 将神经节细胞损伤与外周阈值升高联系起来，并应用于 这与使用标准周长测量和标准外周测量收集的正常和患者数据有关。 激励和创新激励。 2)研究视觉的可逆性 由青光眼引起的缺陷。 关于昏迷性缺陷是否 可逆的 离散神经节细胞镶嵌的局部敏感性将是 在青光眼患者急性手术复位前后测量 以确定视觉功能是否改善。 3)到 评价视网膜炎患者相对暗点的时间加工 色素沉着（RP）。 关于RP中的时间缺陷是否 由于锥敏感性的降低（减少的量子捕获和/或 转导效率），或视锥细胞中的暂时加工缺陷， 内层视网膜 时间敏感性将以相对 RP患者的暗点，平均视网膜照度允许 视锥敏感性损失与纯粹的时间性区分开。

DESCRIPTION (from abstract): The long-term objective of this research is to relate functional deficits in patients with visual disorders to underlying cellular pathophysiology. A better understanding of these relationships will be useful in design of treatment trials, in selecting tests for evaluation of individual patients, and in guiding biomolecular and physiological studies. The research uses quantitative models, rigorous psychophysical methods, and carefully selected patient populations to investigate the linkage between functional defects and biological damage. The proposed research focuses on psychophysical measures of ganglion cell function in relative scotomas (local regions of reduced sensitivity) in patients with progressive diseases which primarily damage only one class of neuron: retinal ganglion cells (glaucoma) or photoreceptors (retinitis pigmentosa). For both diseases, there is debate over the effects of cell damage, and over the mechanisms of cell death. There are 3 specific aims: 1 ) To model effects of ganglion cell damage on perimetric thresholds. and to apply these models to patient data. Qualitative models have been proposed to account for relative scotomas in terms of retinal ganglion cell damage, but quantitative models have not been developed. Data on human and macaque ganglion cell mosaics will be used to build a quantitative model to link ganglion cell damage with perimetric threshold elevations, and apply this to normal and patient data gathered with both standard perimetric stimuli and innovative stimuli. 2) To investigate reversibility of visual deficits caused by glaucoma. It is debated whether glaucomatous defects are reversible. Local sensitivity of discrete ganglion cell mosaics will be measured in patients with glaucoma before and after acute surgical reduction of intraocular pressure to determine if visual function improves. 3) To evaluate temporal processing in relative scotomas of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). There is debate over whether temporal defects in RP are due to reduction in cone sensitivity (reduced quantal catch and/or transduction efficiency), or to a temporal processing defect in the cones or the inner retina. Temporal sensitivity will be measured in relative scotomas of patients with RP, at a mean retinal illuminance which allows cone sensitivity loss to be distinguished from purely temporal.