VISUAL ORGANIZATION--BEYOND LOCAL MECHANISMS

近年来，在1994-1998年国家视觉研究计划（第273- 275页）的鼓励下，对灵长类动物运动系统进行了大量的生理和心理物理研究。本工作确立了局部运动处理单元的主要特点。为了发挥作用，这些局部运动单元的响应必须在空间和时间上结合起来，以指导运动并帮助识别物体。本提案将研究如何将这些地方反应重新组合起来。在复杂背景中移动的物体很容易被看到，并且很容易识别，尽管有遮挡表面和周围其他特征的运动。这一观察结果表明，局部运动单元是沿着真实物体缓慢变化的路径组织起来的，在那里，方向的快速变化是不可能的。首先，人类心理物理实验将证明，落在共同运动路径上的目标的可见性增加。随后的测量将检查这种增加的可见性是如何实现的，以及通过将本地运动信号汇集到网络中可以获得哪些信息。这些研究将提高人体运动处理的基础科学知识。运动处理对于结构化环境中的移动性至关重要。因此，这些结果可能有助于设计增强低视力患者活动能力的设备和训练程序。

In recent years, there has been an extraordinary number of physiological and psychophysical studies of the primate motion system, and endeavor encouraged by the National Plan for Vision Research 1994-1998 (p.273- 275). This work has established the main characteristics of local motion processing units. To be useful, the responses of these local motion units must be combined over space and time to guide locomotion and to aid object recognition. This proposal will examine how these local responses re combined. An object moving within a complex background is readily visible, and easily identifiable, despite occluding surfaces and the surrounding motion of other features. This observation suggests that the local motion units are organized along the slowly-changing paths taken by real objects, where rapid changes in direction are improbable. First, human psychophysical experiments will demonstrate increased visibility for targets that fall on a common motion path. Subsequent measurements will examine how this increased visibility is accomplished, and what information is lot by pooling the local motion signals into a network. These studies will improve basic scientific knowledge on human motion processing. Motion processing is critical for mobility in a structured environment. Thus, there results may assist in the design of devices and training procedures that enhanced mobility in individuals suffering from low vision.