EXPANSION OF THE USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW--LINKS TO DRIVING PERFORMANCE

许多老年人都受到年龄相关的关键下降， 支持独立的技能。特别是，身体，感官， 认知功能可能会在成年后期恶化，并且广泛存在于 承认这些赤字导致能力下降， 开展日常活动。此外，这种功能的影响 缺陷可能使老年人更容易受伤， 会进一步降低流动性和独立性。一项活动， 经常对保持独立性至关重要，并受到 多种感官和认知因素，是驾驶。鉴于这一持续 流动性对于维持社会契约至关重要， 功能正常，生活质量令人满意，至少有一个子集 的老年人将经历行为和生物变化， 会使晚年的行动（特别是驾驶）变得更加困难， 拟议实地项目的主要目标是评价 短期（15-20分钟）功能测试的有效性， 预测驾驶性能（即，崩溃和引用）以及 在四年的时间里，流动性。总共有10，000名老年人 (age 60岁及以上）将在12个DMV执照更新中心进行测试， 马里兰州/华盛顿，华盛顿特区地区。将对1,500名参与者进行抽样调查， 被选中参加的人将被选中参加每年一次的 电话调查。主要的结局指标是撞车次数 在初次报告后的随访期内， 筛选活动性改善的次要结局指标包括 福尔斯的频率以及生活空间和驾驶空间的减少。 驾驶任务的注意力组成部分。此外该 事故频率和参与者的一般流动性将 在整个项目过程中进行监控。这些关系 在项目I中获得的实地测量结果将有助于 为理解自然提供汇聚的证据， UFOV培训对实际驾驶的好处。此外，转让 UFOV训练到其他认知任务，特别是负启动， 将被审查。因此，同时将UFOV培训转移到 驾驶正在评估，该项目将允许检查一些 可能是这种转移的理论机制。

Many older adults are subject to age-related declines in the critical skills that support independence. In particular, physical, sensory, and cognitive functions may deteriorate in later adulthood, and it is widely accepted that these deficits contribute to a decline in the ability to carry out everyday activities. In addition, the functional impact of such deficits may make older individuals more susceptible to injuries, which can further reduce mobility and independence. One activity which is frequently crucial to maintaining independence, and which is affected by multiple sensory and cognitive factors, is driving. Given that continued mobility is critical in maintaining social contracts, independent functioning, and a satisfying quality of life, and that at least a subset of older adults will experience behavioral and biological changes which will make mobility (specifically driving) more difficult in later life, the primary objective of the proposed field project is to evaluate the effectiveness of a short (15-20 minute) test of functional abilities, to predict driving performance (i.e., crashes and citations) and changes in general mobility over a four year period. A total of 10,000 older adults (age 60 and older) will be tested at 12 DMV license renewal centers in the Maryland/Washington, D.C. area. A sample of 1,500 participants will be selected to participate will be selected to participate in a yearly telephone survey. The primary outcome measure will be number of crashes and citations in each year of the follow-up period following the initial screening. Secondary outcome measures of mobility improvement will include frequency of falls and reductions of life space and driving space. skills to the attentional components of the driving task. In addition, the accident frequency and general mobility of the participants will be monitored over the course of the project. The relationship of these findings to those of the field measures obtained in Project I will help to provide converging evidence toward an understanding of the nature and benefits of UFOV training for actual driving. Furthermore, the transfer of UFOV training to other cognitive tasks, particularly negative priming, will be examined. Thus, at the same time that transfer of UFOV training to driving is being assessed, the project will permit an examination of some of the theoretical mechanisms which may underlie this transfer.