MODULATION OF EFFECTS OF MORPHINE BY ABUSED STIMULANTS

吗啡和其他μ阿片类药物模拟和/或调节主观的 可卡因的影响，可能反映了相互刺激， 中脑边缘多巴胺活性对多巴胺的能力知之甚少。 可卡因和相关兴奋剂的主观影响 吗啡本研究调查了可卡因的作用， 苯丙胺和参照药物，单独给药和与 吗啡，在训练区分吗啡和吗啡的松鼠猴中， 载体另外的研究确定了阿片样物质和 多巴胺受体拮抗剂以减弱吗啡的作用， 其他药物的吗啡样作用 被μ阿片激动剂芬太尼模仿，但不是δ阿片 激动剂SNC 80和BW 373 U86或κ阿片样物质激动剂U 50，488 H， 并被阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮拮抗，但不是 多巴胺拮抗剂氟哌噻吨在一组猴子中， 吗啡也被可卡因、安非他明和吗啡的B 多巴胺转运抑制剂GBR 12909，但不是去甲肾上腺素 转运抑制剂他舒普仑或血清素转运抑制剂 氟哌噻吨可拮抗氟西汀，而纳洛酮则不拮抗氟西汀。 这些受试者，用可卡因或安非他明预处理增强了 吗啡的影响，而在其他猴子预处理与 兴奋剂减弱吗啡的主观效应 证明了吗啡样作用的个体差异， 刺激物反映了个体差异， 与吗啡的相互作用此外，不同的机制似乎 调节吗啡和吗啡样物质的主观效应 可卡因和安非他明的主观影响 对管理快球滥用有影响， 将联合收割机兴奋剂和阿片类药物结合起来， 不同的原因（即，增强欣快的主观状态 或减轻个别药物的不良反应） 出版物Rowlett JK，Negus SS，Shippenberg TS，Mello NK，沃尔什SL 和斯皮尔曼RD可卡因和阿片类药物滥用的结合从神经生物学到 诊所NIDA Res Mongr 178：55-57，1998

Morphine and other mu opioids mimic and/or modulate the subjective effects of cocaine, possibly reflecting mutual stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine activity Less is known about the capacity of cocaine and related stimulants to modulate the subjective effects of morphine The present study investigated the effects of cocaine, amphetamine and reference drugs, administered alone and combined with morphine, in squirrel monkeys trained to discriminate morphine from vehicle Additional studies determined the ability of opioid and dopamine receptor antagonists to attenuate the effects of morphine and the morphine-like effects of other drugs The effects of morphine were mimicked by the mu opioid agonist fentanyl, but not the delta opioid agonists SNC 80 and BW 373U86 or the kappa opioid agonist U50,488H, and were antagonized by the opioid antagonist naltrexone, but not the dopamine antagonist flupenthixol In a subgroup of monkeys, the effects of morphine also were mimicked b y cocaine, amphetamine and the dopamine transport inhibitor GBR 12909, but not the norepinephrine transport inhibitor talsupram or the serotonin transport inhibitor fluoxetine, and were antagonized by flupenthixol but not naltrexone In these subjects, pretreatment with cocaine or amphetamine enhanced the effects of morphine, whereas in other monkeys pretreatment with either stimulant attenuated morphine's subjective effects The results demonstrated individual differences in morphine-like effects of stimulants that are mirrored by individual differences in their interactions with morphine Furthermore, different mechanisms appear to mediate the subjective effects of morphine and the morphine-like subjective effects of cocaine and amphetamine Such differences could have implications for the management of speedball abuse among individuals who combine stimulants and opioids for ostensibly different reasons (i e , to enhance the subjective state of euphoria or to attenuate the undesi rable effects of the individual drugs) PUBLICATIONS Rowlett JK, Negus SS, Shippenberg TS, Mello NK, Walsh SL and Spealman RD Combined cocaine and opioid abuse From neurobiology to the clinic NIDA Res Mongr 178:55-57, 1998