EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF LUNG CANCER

肺癌的流行病学，癌症死亡率的主要原因， 在过去几十年里，男女之间的关系发生了很大的变化。我们 已经观察到并报告说， 自1950年以来，该病的病理学发生了显著变化。 特别是，在过去几十年里， 腺癌与鳞状细胞癌相比不成比例地增加 而在同一时期， 香烟下降了60%以上。我们的工作假设是 肺的组织学类型和解剖位置发生了巨大变化 在过去几十年中观察到的肿瘤与 不同的吸烟者所吸香烟类型的市场变化 人口的部分。对于本项目，我们提出以下建议 目的：（1）研究肺癌的组织学类型与肺癌的危险性之间的关系， 低产量和高产量香烟;（2）确定妇女是否处于 在一定的吸烟水平下，患肺癌的风险比男性更大，并且 是否其他与性别有关的因素，如雌激素替代疗法， 与肺癌风险增加有关;（3）确定是否 在一定水平上，黑人患肺癌的风险高于白人。 吸烟;（4）使用我们的历史数据库和研究 基础设施，继续迅速应对新出现的和未解决的 与肺癌有关的问题，包括（a） 暴露于柴油发动机废气，（B）可能的保护作用， 非甾体抗炎药，和（c）测定 环境烟草烟雾暴露评估的可靠性 不吸烟的病例和对照。

The epidemiology of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality in men and women, has changed considerably over the past several decades. We have observed and reported that both the content of manufactured tobacco and the pathology of the disease have undergone marked changes since 1950. In particular, over the past several decades there has been a disproportionate increase in adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, while during the same period the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes fell by more than 60%. It is our working hypothesis that dramatic changes in the histologic type and anatomic location of lung tumors observed during the past several decades are directly related to the marketplace shift in the types of cigarettes smoked by different segments of the population. For this Project we propose the following aims: (1) to study the risk of lung cancer by histology type in relation to low- and higher-yield cigarettes; (2) to determine whether women are at a greater risk for lung cancer than men for a given level of smoking, and whether other gender-related factors such as estrogen replacement therapy are associated with increased lung cancer risk; (3) to determine whether blacks are at a greater risk for lung cancer than whites for a given level of cigarette smoking; and (4) using our historic data base and research infrastructure, to continue to respond rapidly to emerging and unresolved issues related to lung cancer, including (a) risks associated with exposure to diesel engine exhaust, (b) a possible protective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (c) determination of the reliability of assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nonsmoking cases and controls.