GENETIC MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION

将对进化遗传学的若干问题进行研究 Out，使用遗传、分子和理论的组合 接近了。这将增强我们对进化的理解 自然变异的过程和原因。这样的理解是 对于DNA序列数据的正确使用以及对 人类遗传疾病，以及它的内在兴趣。 性别进化中的遗传机制问题 染色体的研究将通过(I)启动遗传和分子 白露蓬的Y染色体分析(II) 检查美洲果蝇的neo-Y染色体以寻找证据 它已经被转座因子入侵了。 X连锁基因进化速度的证据与 将使用克隆果蝇基因的DNA测序来寻找常染色体 存在于一些物种的X染色体上，但它们是 其他人则是常染色体。X连锁的自适应进化速度更快 基因座可能在形成遗传控制的本质上起作用。 生殖隔离。 这种控制将在两个单独的项目中进行研究，研究对象是果蝇。一 其中将涉及分子遗传的精炼 杂交雄性不育的分析，包括克隆X- 已在拟态石杉杂交中鉴定出的染色体位置 和毛叶石杉D.mauritiana。另一位则关注古典音乐 不同性别交配鉴别的遗传生化分析 果蝇物种。 繁殖系统对数量和性质的限制 将通过比较DNA序列变异来研究自然变异的 在十字花科植物的近交和近交物种中。 与解释本研究结果相关的理论模型 也将被开发出来。 最后，一种细胞质内共生体的进化遗传学， 沃尔巴克氏菌，将通过理论和实验相结合的方法进行研究 实验方法。

Research on a number of problems of evolutionary genetics will be carried out, using a combination of genetic, molecular and theoretical approaches. This will enhance our understanding of evolutionary processes and the causes of natural variation. Such an understanding is critical for the proper use of DNA sequence data, and for the study of human genetic disorders, as well as for its intrinsic interest. The question of the genetic mechanism involved in the evolution of sex chromosomes will be studied by (i) initiating the genetic and molecular analysis of the Y chromosome of the white campion, Silene latifolia (ii) examining the neo-Y chromosome of Drosophila americana for evidence that it has been invaded by transposable elements. Evidence on the rate of evolution of X-linked genes compared with autosomes will be sought using DNA sequencing of clone Drosophila gene that are present on the X chromosomes of some species, but which are autosomal in others. A faster rate of adaptive evolution of X-linked loci might play a role in shaping the nature of the genetic control of reproductive isolation. This control will be studied in two separate projects on Drosophila. One of these will be concerned with the refinement of the molecular genetic analysis of hybrid male sterility, including the aim of cloning an X- chromosome locus that has been identified in crosses between D. simulans and D. mauritiana. The other will be concerned with the classical genetic and biochemical analysis of mating discrimination among Drosophila species. The constraints imposed by the breeding system on the amount and nature of natural variation will be studied by comparing DNA sequence variation in related inbreeding and outbreeding species of Brassicaceous plants. Theoretical models relevant to interpreting the results of this study will also be developed. Finally, the evolutionary genetics of a cytoplasmic endosymbiont, Wolbachia, will be studied, by a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches.