Characterising the post-seismic behaviour of damaged slopes - Nepal 2015

2015年尼泊尔地震期间经历的强烈地面震动引发了3000多起山体滑坡，并导致许多其他山坡遭到严重破坏。地震发生在冬季旱季，就滑坡而言，这段时间与去年同期相比相对不活跃。尼泊尔80%以上的降雨发生在季风中，因此90%以上的致命山体滑坡也发生在此期间。需要充分了解破坏严重破坏的斜坡具有广泛的裂隙网络--在季风期间可能发展为山体滑坡--的风险。目前，对滑坡机制的基本了解，特别是地震后斜坡和山体滑坡的行为，由于缺乏对斜坡和山体滑坡在接下来的几个月中如何变化的直接观测而受到限制。在这个项目中，我们与尼泊尔国家地震技术学会的同事合作，旨在收集关于即将到来的季风降雨期间破裂斜坡变化的独特数据集。通过监测滑坡运动及其对季风雨的反应，我们的目标是对哪些类型的斜坡保持稳定，哪些继续移动和发展进一步的滑坡有一个新的认识。基于我们以前对滑坡力学的研究，我们将利用这些数据来考虑未来可能的运动方式和对这一过程的控制，以期提高我们对滑坡运动的理解，并直接提供给地震引发的滑坡灾害和风险评估，这在尼泊尔立即进行，并在更广泛的范围内提供给未来可能面临类似灾害的其他地区。

The intense ground-shaking experienced during the 2015 Nepal earthquakes triggered over 3,000 landslides, and left many other mountain slopes heavily damaged. The earthquakes occurred in the winter dry season, a period that is year-on-year relatively inactive in terms of landsliding. Over 80% of rainfall in Nepal occurs in the monsoon, and as a result over 90% of fatal landslides also occur during this period. The risk of destabilizing heavily-damaged slopes that have extensive networks of cracks - that may develop into landslides during the monsoon - needs to be fully understood. The basic understanding of landslide mechanisms, and in particular the behaviour of slopes and landslides after earthquakes, is at present limited by a lack of direct observations of how slopes and landslides change in the months that follow. In this project, working in collaboration with colleagues at the National Society for Earthquake Technology in Nepal, we aim to collect a unique dataset on the changes to cracked slopes during the forthcoming monsoon rainfall. By monitoring landslide movement and how this responds to the monsoon rains, we aim to develop a] new understanding of which types of slopes remain stable, and which continue to move and develop further landslides. Based upon our previous research on landslide mechanics, we will use this data to consider possible future styles of movement and controls upon this process, with a view to improving our understanding of landslide movement, but also to feed directly into earthquake-triggered landslide hazard and risk assessment, both immediately in Nepal, and more widely to other regions that may face similar hazards in the future.