PCBS AND WELL BEING OF MOHAWK CHILDREN AND YOUTH--GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, COGNITION

这项研究旨在确定接触多氯联苯的后果， 环境中的其他毒素对儿童和青年健康的影响， 通过他们的身体发育和成熟， 认知/行为发展。 有两个总的目标， 本研究，1）确定PCB体内负荷对内分泌的影响 反映了甲状腺功能和性成熟， 儿童和青年的成长、成熟和认知发展，以及2） 确定身体成分的作用，特别是脂肪储存， 确定流通中的多氯联苯水平，并作为其 方面的影响. 10-16岁莫霍克族儿童和青少年的横断面研究 年龄（预期n=400）将允许确定关系 多氯联苯水平的内分泌（甲状腺素，三碘甲状腺素，促甲状腺激素， β-雌二醇/睾酮），身体生长，成熟和认知- 行为功能以及脂肪量或脂肪百分比的影响 多氯联苯水平和多氯联苯效应。 接触多氯联苯是由血清 检测，主要结果通过直接检查进行评估 （人体测量和认知和行为的几项措施） 功能），或在内分泌的情况下，通过血液分析。 身体 使用多个方法确定脂肪组成（脂肪质量，脂肪百分比）。 人体测量（主要是皮褶，周长和骨骼） 宽度）。 这项研究还将收集关于其他因素的信息， 影响利益的结果，并在必要时通过以下方式控制它们： 统计方法 这项研究将确定血液中的汞含量 （有机和无机），铅和尿中的氟化物水平， Akwesasne的居民暴露在这些毒素中， 增长和发展。 其他影响因素（例如，饮食、社会 经济状况、出生顺序和其他）通过以下方式进行评估： 问卷 铁的状态通过血液分析进行评估。 多 回归技术，特别是结构方程分析，这些 数据将允许控制对结果的已知影响， 多氯联苯对环境的直接和间接影响 感兴趣的中间和最终结果。

This research seeks to identify the consequences of exposure to PCBs and other toxins in the environment on the health of children and youth as measured by their physical growth and maturation and by their cognitive/behavioral development. There are two general objectives of this research, 1) to identify the effects of PCB body burden on endocrines that reflect thyroid function and sexual maturation, and on the physical growth, maturation and cognitive development of children and youth and, 2) to identify the role of body composition, specifically fat stores, in determining the level of PCBs in circulation and as a modifier of their effects. A cross-sectional study of mohawk children and youth 10-16 years of age (anticipated n=400) will permit determination of the relationships of PCB level to endocrines (thyroxine, triiodothyroine, thyrotropin, and beta-estradiol / testosterone), physical growth, maturation and cognitive- behavioral functioning as well as the influence of fat mass or percent fat on PCB levels and PCB effects. Exposure to PCBs is determined by serum assay, and the primary outcomes are assessed by direct examination (anthropometry and several measures of cognitive and behavioral functioning), or in the case of endocrines, by blood analysis. Body composition (fat mass, percent fat) is determined using multiple anthropometric measures (primarily skinfolds, circumferences and bony breadths). The study will also collect information on other factors that affect the outcomes of interest and, when necessary, control them through statistical methods. The study will determine levels of blood mercury (organic and inorganic), lead, and the level of fluoride in urine because the population at Akwesasne are exposed to these toxins that may affect growth and development. Other influences (for example, diet, socio- economic status, birth order, and others) are assessed through questionnaire. Iron status is assessed through blood assay. Multiple regression techniques, particularly structural equation analysis, of these data will permit control of the known influences on the outcomes of interest and the estimation of direct and indirect effects of PCBs on the intermediate and final outcomes of interest.