MODIFIED CLAYS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION

该项目的目标是(1)开发和表征新的 基础材料，来自粘土矿物和相关的分层 具有可用于固定化和催化的性质的固体 分解有毒有机化学品，以及(2)将这些材料用于 超级基金有效补救技术的发展 化学制品。我们将继续对其吸附特性进行研究 改性粘土，以及我们开发仿生催化剂的努力 在环境条件下有效分解有机毒物 条件。在这些努力的同时，我们已经发起了一项新的 旨在实施一项新颖和有前途的合作研究 就地修复技术。这项技术基于一个类 改性粘土，即有机粘土，它起源于我们早期的 在这一项目的赞助下进行的基础研究。我们已经证明了 有机粘土是地下水常见污染物的有效吸附剂。 我们对就地修复的概念是，带负电荷的粘土 存在于地下土壤和含水层材料中，可转化为有机碳 通过在地下注入阳离子表面活性剂对粘土进行处理。以这种方式 我们建议创建原地吸附区域，可以放置在 拦截前进的污染物羽流并去除溶解的有机物质 污染物。这项技术的优点是可以防止进一步 含水层污染(土壤和水)向下倾斜和集中 定义区域中的污染物，可进行管理以加强补救 通过生物降解或催化分解 固定化污染物。有目的的项目大约组织了四个 研究主线：(1)土壤改性化学；(2) 原位改性的传质方面，(3)水力 原位改性的方面，以及(4)新吸着剂的开发 和仿生粘土材料。

The goals of this Project are to (1) develop and characterize new fundamental materials, derived from clay minerals and related layered solids, with properties useful for immobilizing and catalytically decomposing toxic organic chemicals, and (2) utilize these materials in the development of effective remediation technologies for Superfund chemicals. We will continue our studies of the sorptive properties of modified clays, and our efforts to develop biomimetic catalysts that effectively decompose organic toxicants under ambient environmental conditions. In parallel to these efforts, we have initiated a new collaborative study aimed at the implementation of a novel and promising in-situ remediation technology. This technology is based on one class of modified clays, namely organo-clays, which emanate from our earlier basic studies under the auspices of this project. We have shown that organo-clays are effective sorbents for common groundwater contaminants. Our concept for in-situ remediation is that negatively charged clays present in subsoils and aquifer materials can be converted to organo- clays via subsurface injections of cationic surfactants. In this fashion we propose to create in-situ sorptive zones that can be placed to intercept advancing contaminant plumes and remove dissolved organic contaminants. This technology offers the advantage of preventing further aquifer contamination (soil and water) downgradient, and of concentrating contaminants in a defined zone that can be managed to enhance remediation either through biodegradation or catalytic decomposition of the immobilized contaminants. The purposed project is organized around four main lines of investigation: (1) the chemistry of soil modification, (2) the mass transfer aspects of in-situ modification, (3) the hydraulic aspects of in-situ modification, and (4) the development of new sorbents and biomimetic clay materials.