Nature's contribution to poverty alleviation, human wellbeing and the SDGs (Nature4SDGs)

2015年，联合国所有国家达成一致，17个可持续发展目标（SDG）及其附属目标和指标代表了人类实现更可持续未来的蓝图，在这个未来中，所有人都能够在和平与繁荣中蓬勃发展，同时保护我们所有人所依赖的环境。为了使可持续发展目标取得成功，我们需要能够（a）衡量相关指标的进展，（B）了解哪些政策和干预措施可以有效地导致不同指标的进展。各国政府现在开始每年就最初确定的230项指标提出报告。然而，有人担心，一些可持续发展目标之间可能存在权衡，例如1（无贫困）和15（陆地上的生活）。例如，2018年可持续发展目标报告强调，尽管在许多方面取得了进展，但由于粮食、能源和住房的竞争压力，土地退化日益加剧，威胁着10亿多人的生计。为了将权衡转化为协同效应，重要的是要了解自然与人类福祉之间的关系，以及这种关系在不同地方的不同类型的人中是如何变化的。在许多情况下，被边缘化的人，无论是最贫穷的人还是妇女，与自然有着不同的关系，这些关系在国家一级的汇总数据中没有得到很好的体现。例如，国家一级粮食安全指标的改善可能掩盖了最贫穷者越来越饥饿的事实。因此，为了实现可持续发展目标“不让任何人掉队”的总体目标，我们需要了解边缘化群体如何体验自然与福祉的关系，以便制定适当的政策来支持每个人。该项目将显著提高我们对实现可持续发展目标所需的人与环境之间复杂互动的理解，特别关注可持续发展目标1（无贫困）、2（零饥饿）、10（减少不平等）和15（生活在陆地上）。我们的目标是：（i）评估自然对地方层面多层面人类福祉的贡献，特别关注最贫困人口的经历;（ii）分析不同规模的政策和背景因素，这些因素推动了自然与福祉之间观察到的关系;（iii）确定地方、社会分类的自然-福祉关系在国家层面和用于报告可持续发展目标的模型数据中的反映程度。为此，我们将利用生态系统服务促进减贫方案的七个项目和一个密切配合的项目的最新数据集。这些精细的社会生态数据集将联合收割机定量住户调查数据与来自全球南方11个地点的定性背景数据相结合，这些地点的干预和退化程度各不相同。结合这些不同地点的数据，为我们提供了独特的机会，让我们深入了解自然对地方人类福祉的贡献，以及不同的生物物理、社会经济和政策因素如何影响自然对人类福祉的贡献。实际上，我们的跨站点比较将提高对关键政策（特别是与保护和农业有关的政策）如何影响自然-福祉关系的理解。此外，通过借鉴我们参与的其他项目的进展，我们可以审查地方一级的自然-福祉关系如何反映在国家一级的数据中，从而为改进可持续发展指标的选择提供基础。此外，通过与收集原始数据的国家，特别是印度的决策者接触-我们将在印度开展更深入的影响活动-本项目可能有助于制定更适当的环境相关政策和干预措施，确保不让任何人掉队。

Agreed in 2015 by all the countries of the United Nations, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and their subsidiary targets and indicators, represent a blueprint for enabling humanity to achieve a more sustainable future, one in which all people are able to flourish in peace and prosperity while still protecting the environment on which we all depend. For the SDGs to succeed, we need to be able to (a) measure the progress of relevant indicators and (b) understand which policies and interventions can effectively lead to progress in different indicators. Governments are now starting to report annually on the set of 230 indicators originally identified. However, there is concern that there may be trade-offs between some of the SDGs, e.g. 1 (no poverty) and 15 (life on land). For example, the 2018 SDG report highlights that, despite progress on many fronts, increasing land degradation - caused by competing pressures for food, energy and shelter - threatens the livelihoods of over 1 billion people.To turn trade-offs into synergies, it is important to understand the relationship between nature and people's wellbeing and how this varies for different types of people in varied places. In many cases, marginalised people, whether the poorest or women, have different relationships with nature that are not well represented by data aggregated at national level. For example, improvements in national-level food security indicators may hide the fact that the poorest are getting hungrier. Therefore, to fulfil the SDG's overarching aim to 'leave no-one behind', we need to understand how nature-wellbeing relationships are experienced by marginalised groups so that appropriate policies can be put in place that support everybody.This project will significantly improve our understanding of the complex interactions between people and the environment required to make progress in achieving the SDGs, focusing particularly on SDGs 1 (no poverty), 2 (zero hunger), 10 (reduced inequalities) and 15 (life on land). Our objectives are to: (i) assess the contribution of nature to multidimensional human wellbeing at local level, focusing specifically on the experience of the poorest; (ii) analyse the policies and contextual factors at various scales which drive the observed relationships between nature and wellbeing; and (iii) determine how well local, socially disaggregated nature-wellbeing relationships are reflected in national-level and modelled data used to report on the SDGs. To do this, we will draw on recent data sets from seven projects in the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation programme and one closely aligned project. These fine-grained social-ecological data sets combine quantitative household survey data with qualitative contextual data from 11 sites in the Global South with varied levels of intervention and degradation. Combining data from these different sites provides us with the unique opportunity to deliver new insights into the contribution of nature to human wellbeing at local level, and how this is influenced by different biophysical, socio-economic and policy factors. Practically, our cross-site comparison will improve understanding of how key policies (particularly related to conservation and agriculture) affect the nature-wellbeing relationship. Furthermore, by drawing on advances in other projects in which we are engaged, we can review how well the local-level nature-wellbeing relationship is reflected in national-level data, thus providing the basis for improving the choice of sustainable development indicators. Additionally, by engaging with policy-makers in the countries where the original data were collected, and particularly in India - where we will have more in-depth impact activities - this project may contribute to more appropriate environment-related policies and interventions which ensure that no-one is left behind.