Safeguarding local equity as global values of ecosystem services rise

随着生态系统服务全球价值的上升，维护地方公平

• 批准号: NE/I00341X/1
• 负责人: Kathrin Schreckenberg
• 金额: $ 30.45万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI00341X%2F1
• 关键词: Safeguarding; local; equity; global; values

The overall aim of this project is to promote the contribution of ecosystem services to alleviating poverty worldwide. Internationally, many advocates and governments have proposed the establishment of systems of Payments for Environmental Services (PES), notably a system for compensating people for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). The assumption has been made that if those 'free' services that the environment provides (e.g., timber, a clean and steady water supply, sequestering carbon) are properly valued and paid for, the environment will be protected and poverty will be reduced. The fact that this assumption has not been validated and the connections between ecosystem services and poverty are poorly understood is a serious problem, especially given that billions of dollars per year are predicted to flow to developing countries once REDD programmes are fully implemented. Experience from other sectors raises concerns that these schemes may not benefit poor people uniformly and may even make the poorest worse off (e.g. by excluding them from land or traditional land uses), undermine existing benefit-sharing systems and increase disparities. Such changes in social equity are a key factor in determining whether rising values of ecosystem services have a positive or negative impact on poverty alleviation in affected communities. This project brings together an interdisciplinary team of collaborators from universities (Southampton, Oxford, Rutgers and the Australian National University), a policy think-tank (Overseas Development Institute), regional research and training centres (RECOFTC and CATIE) and a regional NGO (Ugandan Coalition for Sustainable Development) to develop a conceptual framework that analyses the links between ecosystem services and sustainable poverty reduction, examining in particular how benefits derived from ecosystem services are distributed among different stakeholders, the factors underlying these processes and their potential impacts. This framework will contribute to the critical challenge of the equitable management of ecosystems in a manner that benefits poor people. In particular, it will help decision-makers in REDD and PES programmes minimise negative impacts on equity and maximise positive impacts on poverty alleviation. In order to accomplish its objectives, the project will (i) develop a rigorous definition of the different dimensions and types of equity in the context of ecosystem services; (ii) develop a conceptual framework that describes how changes in the global value of ecosystem services lead to changes in equity at the local level, and the key factors that influence these outcomes, drawing on evidence from 6-8 specially commissioned background papers analysing existing knowledge on the equity impacts of high or rising value of ecosystem services (e.g., in forestry, mining and water); (iii) test the framework in three or four case studies (at least one each in Asia, Africa and Latin America); and (iv) review the conceptual framework in the light of the case study findings. Communication and dissemination will be ongoing activities throughout the project, beginning with the creation of a project website. Engagement with local, national and regional stakeholders will be assured through workshops, briefing papers and popular communication materials. The project will also produce a video, an innovative way of targeting policy-makers and project developers, together with an associated toolkit. The academic audience will be reached through journal articles and conference presentations. Electronic dissemination of policy briefs, targeted at an international audience, and eventual journal articles will be disseminated through the extensive networks facilitated by the project partners.

该项目的总体目标是促进生态系统服务为全球减贫做出贡献。国际上，许多倡导者和政府建议建立环境服务付费制度（PES），特别是补偿人们减少毁林和森林退化排放（REDD）的制度。人们假设，如果环境提供的那些“免费”服务（例如木材、清洁稳定的供水、固碳）得到适当的重视和支付，环境就会得到保护，贫困就会减少。事实上，这一假设尚未得到验证，而且对生态系统服务与贫困之间的联系知之甚少，这是一个严重的问题，特别是考虑到一旦 REDD 计划全面实施，预计每年将有数十亿美元流向发展中国家。其他部门的经验引起了人们的担忧，即这些计划可能无法使穷人均匀受益，甚至可能使最贫困者的境况变得更糟（例如，将他们排除在土地或传统土地用途之外），破坏现有的惠益分享制度并扩大差距。社会公平的这种变化是决定生态系统服务价值的上升对受影响社区的减贫产生积极还是消极影响的关键因素。该项目汇集了来自大学（南安普顿大学、牛津大学、罗格斯大学和澳大利亚国立大学）、政策智囊团（海外发展研究所）、区域研究和培训中心（RECOFTC 和 CATIE）以及区域非政府组织（乌干达可持续发展联盟）的跨学科合作者团队，以制定一个概念框架，分析生态系统服务与可持续减贫之间的联系，特别审查 生态系统服务带来的惠益如何在不同利益相关者之间分配、这些过程背后的因素及其潜在影响。该框架将以造福穷人的方式，应对生态系统公平管理的严峻挑战。特别是，它将帮助REDD和PES项目的决策者最大限度地减少对公平的负面影响，并最大限度地提高对扶贫的积极影响。为了实现其目标，该项目将 (i) 对生态系统服务中不同维度和类型的公平制定严格的定义； (ii) 制定一个概念框架，描述生态系统服务全球价值的变化如何导致地方层面的公平性变化，以及影响这些结果的关键因素，并借鉴 6-8 篇特别委托背景文件的证据，分析有关生态系统服务高价值或不断上升价值的公平影响的现有知识（例如，在林业、采矿和水领域）； (iii) 在三到四个案例研究中测试该框架（亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲各至少一个）； (iv) 根据案例研究结果审查概念框架。从创建项目网站开始，沟通和传播将是整个项目持续进行的活动。将通过研讨会、简报和流行的传播材料确保与地方、国家和区域利益相关者的接触。该项目还将制作一个视频，这是一种针对政策制定者和项目开发人员的创新方式，以及相关的工具包。将通过期刊文章和会议演讲来接触学术受众。针对国际受众的政策简报的电子传播以及最终的期刊文章将通过项目合作伙伴推动的广泛网络进行传播。

项目成果

Biodiversity and Climate Change - Linkages at International, National and Local Levels

生物多样性与气候变化——国际、国家和地方层面的联系

• DOI: 10.4337/9781782546894.00018
• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Ituarte-Lima C

Defining equity: A framework for evaluating equity in the context of ecosystem services

定义公平：生态系统服务背景下评估公平的框架

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: McDermott, M.

Understanding the relationship between extraction, territory, inequality/inequity and conflict in the Bolivian Chaco

了解玻利维亚查科地区的开采、领土、不平等/不平等和冲突之间的关系

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Humphreys Bebbington, D.

Certification and equity

认证与股权

• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: McDermott, C.

How does 'Free, Prior and Informed Consent' (FPIC) impact social equity? Lessons from mining and forestry and their implications for REDD+

“自由、事先和知情同意”（FPIC）如何影响社会公平？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.06.014
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Land Use Policy
• 影响因子: 7.1
• 作者: Mahanty S