GeoStationary Fire data for Developing Countries

发展中国家是世界上景观焚烧最多的地区。它们燃烧的泥炭地和森林最多，毁林和与火灾有关的温室气体净排放量最高，燃烧农业残留物浪费了经济机会，电力线等基础设施和森林种植园和保护区等资源面临火灾风险，并经历与景观燃烧相关的最频繁和最严重的空气污染事件。大气影响远远超出国界，通过污染的扩散使其成为一个区域问题，通过碳排放对气候的影响使其成为一个全球问题。为了提供实时、连续的遥感观测以支持全球气象预报，已经在地面和空间基础设施上投入了数十亿美元。我们的项目将利用这一基础设施，使发展中国家的用户受益。由于上述问题，发展中国家的用户需要关于其感兴趣地区野火的位置和特征以及这些火灾释放到大气中的烟雾的准确、可操作和极其最新的信息。我们的项目将通过英国团队和海外合作伙伴的联合工作，提供有关景观火灾和火灾排放的实时、准确和可操作的信息。这一新信息将涵盖数十个受到景观焚烧严重挑战的dac名单上的热带和亚热带国家，因此受益将是整个热带和亚热带地区，而不仅仅是少数几个国家。我们将使用新的连续和实时（10至15分钟更新频率）气象卫星数据来源，利用NERC资助研究开发的算法，并与合作伙伴（葡萄牙IPMA和墨西哥UNAM）合作，他们将在自己的卫星数据处理链中实施这些算法，以提供24小时保证（99%）的景观火灾信息可用性。由此产生的实时野火信息将通过已经被广泛使用的先进火灾信息系统（AFIS）提供给所有发展中国家的用户，该系统由我们的合作伙伴南非CSIR运营，该系统已经拥有成千上万的用户。由于这种新的泛热带信息将极大地扩展他们在整个热带地区的覆盖范围，因为这种最高时间分辨率的数据目前仅在北非和西非以最高质量提供。我们的项目还将提供将实时火灾信息转化为火灾排放的实时估计所需的信息——特别是侧重于影响健康的微粒物质和碳排放总量，这将有利于关注影响健康的微粒和温室气体排放评估的发展中国家用户以及旨在减少它们的国家方案。总的来说，我们的项目将为南亚和东南亚、南部和东非、墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲等发展中国家提供切实可行的火灾信息。这些地区的机构和个人将能够识别靠近电力线和/或其他重要关键基础设施的火灾，以便采取行动（例如，暂时关闭电力线，让火灾顺利通过地下），这些火灾发生在森林保护区、种植园或保护区内或附近（有可能比目前更及时地派遣火灾响应人员）。正在影响健康和国家温室气体排放（现在有信息可以更好地量化这些排放，最终支持减少排放的努力，从而通过改善健康和/或REDD+计划获益）。关键词：野火、烟雾、卫星、基础设施、区域保护。

Developing countries are the site of most landscape burning worldwide. They burn the most peatland and forest, have the highest deforestation and net fire-related greenhouse gas emissions, squander economic opportunity by burning agricultural residues, have infrastructure such as power lines and resources such as forest plantations and protected areas at risk from fire, and experience the most recurrent and worst air pollution events associated with landscape burning. Atmospheric impacts spread far beyond national borders, making this a regional problem through the spread of pollution, and a global problem through impacts on climate from carbon emissions. Billions of dollars have been spent on the ground- and space-based infrastructure necessary to provide real-time, continuous remote sensing observations that support meteorological forecasts worldwide. Our Project will harness this infrastructure in order to benefit developing country users who, because of the above issues, require accurate, actionable, and extremely up-to-date information on the location and characteristics of wildfires in their area of interest, and on the smoke that these fires are releasing into the atmosphere.Our project will make available real-time, accurate and actionable information on landscape fires and fire emissions through a combination of work by the UK team and our overseas partners. This new information will cover dozens of DAC-list countries in the tropics and sub-tropics that experience significant challenges from landscape burning, and so the benefits will be regional throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, rather than to only a few nations. We will use a source of new continuous and real-time (10 to 15 minute update frequency) meteorological satellite data to provide this real-time intelligence on wildfire state, exploiting algorithms developed under NERC funded research and working with Partners (IPMA, Portugal and UNAM, Mexico) who will implement these algorithms in their own satellite data processing chains to provide 24-hr guaranteed (99%) information availability on landscape fires. The resulting real-time wildfire information will be made available to users in all developing nations through the already extremely widely used Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS) run by our Partner CSIR, South Africa, who have tens of thousands of users already and as a result of this new pan-tropical information will greatly extend their reach throughout the tropics since this highest temporal resolution data is currently only available at the highest quality over North and West Africa. Our project will also provide the information required to turn the real-time fire information into real-time estimates of fire emissions - particularly focusing on health-impacting particulate matter and total carbon emissions, which will benefit developing country users who are focused on health-impacting particulate and GHG emissions assessments and the national programmes aimed at their reduction. Overall our project will provide a real step-change in actionable fire information available in the developing countries of South and Southeast Asia, Southern and East Africa, Mexico, Central and South America. Institutions and individuals in these regions will be able to identify fires burning close to power lines and/or other important critical infrastructure in order to take action (e.g. temporarily turn off the power line letting the fire pass underneath without problems), that have started within or close to forest reserves, plantations or protected areas (with the potential to dispatch fire response crews in a far more timely manner than currently), and which are impacting health and national GHG emissions (with information now available to better quantify these, ultimately in support at efforts to reduce them and thus gain through health improvements and/or REDD+ schemes. Keywords: Wildfires, smoke, satellites, infrastructure and area protection.