Containment risk Mitigation in Indian CO2 Storage (COMICS)

作为2015年12月《巴黎协定》的签署国，印度致力于加入国际社会，将全球气温升幅稳定在远低于2摄氏度的水平。印度等快速增长的经济体面临着在确保经济持续增长的同时减少重工业和电力行业排放的挑战。碳捕获和封存技术(CCS)将二氧化碳从废气中去除并注入深层地质地层进行永久处置，IPCC认为这是实现气候目标的一项基本技术，至少要付出代价。虽然高水平的研究已经确定了印度储存二氧化碳的一些潜力，但仍有一种看法认为，注入的二氧化碳可能会从预定的储存库向上迁移到地表。由于缺乏解决这一问题的基础研究，无法对CCS对印度减排做出贡献的潜力进行详细评估。COMICS将建立一个国际伙伴关系，以了解印度沉积盆地安全可靠地储存二氧化碳的潜力。该团队由来自英国地质调查局(BGS)和两家从事CCS研究的印度领先研究机构--印度理工学院孟买研究所(IITB)和国家地球物理研究所(NGRI)--的研究人员组成。印度信息技术研究院牵头，印度政府科技部宣布了一个新的50万GB项目，“对印度主要沉积盆地二氧化碳提高石油和天然气采收率的潜力进行系统的大规模评估”。该项目包括研究小组；印度管理学院艾哈迈达巴德学院、印度技术学院Roorkee和工业合作伙伴；石油和天然气公司、国家热电公司、Essar石油和天然气公司以及西孟加拉邦电力开发公司。COMICS将补充印度资助的新项目，将印度财团的当地知识和专业知识与BGS二氧化碳储存研究团队的经验结合起来。二十多年来，BGS一直活跃于二氧化碳研究，并承担着覆盖层性质、流体迁移过程和监测要求的相关研究，资金来自UKRI(如目前的NERC二氧化碳通过北海地质碳储存地点的迁移，英国碳捕获和储存研究中心2017)和EC H2020项目(如SECH和ENOS)。我们目前的研究组合价值超过500万GB。COMICS项目将扩展这些努力，将通过新合作伙伴关系获得的印度数据包括在内，为该地区的二氧化碳储存过程带来新的见解。该地区被认为对满足地区和全球气候雄心至关重要。该项目最初将专注于坎贝盆地，石油和天然气公司已在那里提议了一个二氧化碳注入试验项目，以提高石油采收率。对二氧化碳遏制风险的评估以及对特定地质环境施加的监测和符合性要求至关重要。在COMICS开展的科学研究的基础上，将制定该地区安全可靠的二氧化碳储存建议。这项研究将为未来的研究和开发活动奠定基础，包括开发新的二氧化碳注入试点研究。成果还将通过与参与印度政府资助的平行项目的工业伙伴和国有公司的合作，支持CCS的新政策和商业发展。通过有针对性的研究活动促进印度的二氧化碳减排是漫画的一个关键目标。拟议的活动旨在通过使命创新、现有的UKRI计划和跨国英国政府(BEIS)资助，为英印合作确保未来的联合研究机会，以促进与加速CCS技术相关的研究和创新。

As a signatory to the December 2015 Paris Agreement, India is committed to joining the global community in stabilising global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Centigrade. Rapidly growing economies such as India are faced with the challenge of reducing emissions from the heavy industry and power sectors while ensuring continued economic growth. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), where CO2 is removed from flue gases and injected into deep geological formations for permanent disposal, is recognised by the IPCC as an essential technology for meeting climate goals at least cost. While high-level studies have identified some potential for CO2 storage in India, a perception remains that injected CO2 may migrate upwards from the intended storage reservoir towards the surface. Lack of fundamental research that addresses this issue prohibits detailed assessment of the potential for CCS to contribute to emission reductions in India.COMICS will establish an international partnership to understand the potential for safe and secure CO2 storage in India's sedimentary basins. The team comprises researchers from the British Geological Survey (BGS) and two leading Indian research institutes engaged in CCS, the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) and the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI). A new £0.5M project announced by the Indian Government's Ministry of Science and Technology 'A systematic large scale assessment for potential of CO2 enhanced oil and natural gas recovery in key sedimentary basins in India' is led by IITB. The project comprises research groups; Indian Institute of Management Ahmadabad, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, and industrial partners; Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, National Thermal Power Corporation, Essar Oil and Gas, and the West Bengal Power Development Corporation.COMICS will complement the new Indian-funded project, combining local knowledge and expertise of the Indian consortium with the experience of the BGS CO2 storage research team. BGS has been active in CO2 research for over two decades, and undertakes related research in overburden properties, fluid-migration process, and monitoring requirements, funded by combination of UKRI (such as the current NERC Migration of CO2 through North Sea Geological Carbon Storage Sites, UK Carbon Capture and Storage Research Centre 2017) and EC H2020 projects (such as SECURe and ENOS). Our current research portfolio is worth over £5M. The COMICS project will extend these endeavours to include Indian data acquired through the new partnership, bringing new insights to CO2 storage processes in a region recognised as being vital to meeting regional and global climate ambitions.The project will initially focus on the Cambay Basin, where the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation have proposed a pilot CO2 injection project for enhanced oil recovery. The assessment of CO2 containment risks and monitoring and conformance requirements imposed by the specific geological setting are critically important. Based on the scientific research undertaken by COMICS, recommendations for safe and secure CO2 storage in the region will be developed. The research will underpin future research and development activities, including the development of new pilot CO2 injection studies. The results will also support nascent policy and commercial development of CCS through collaboration with industrial partners and state-owned companies engaged in the parallel Government of India-funded project. Facilitating CO2 emission reductions in India through targeted research activities is a key aim of COMICS. The proposed activities are aimed at securing future joint research opportunities for UK-India collaboration through Mission Innovation, existing UKRI programmes, and transnational UK Government (BEIS) funding to foster research and innovation related to accelerating CCS technologies.