Assessing environmental impacts of COVID-19 emergency public health measures in Oxford City.

2020年初，英国各地实施了紧急公共卫生措施，以抑制COVID-19的传播；对环境空气质素有重大影响。广为公布的卫星数据表明，空气污染物（AP）浓度的相关降低可能有益于人类健康；然而，地面测量显示，英国城市的趋势更为复杂。这些事件提供了一个独特的自然实验机会，可以更好地理解这些措施引起的环境后果，并将这种学习应用于未来的空气质量干预方案。我们的研究重点是牛津（人口约15.5万）。牛津面临着严重的空气质量和健康不平等挑战，相当于每20例早期死亡中就有1例归因于接触空气污染。市和县议会计划从2021年开始引入零排放区和增强型低排放区，到2030年实现碳中和。牛津大学也是现有研究活动的焦点，包括NIHR， Defra，英国高速公路和英国研究资助的研究，支持广泛的环境和运输监测能力和现有的研究基础设施，我们计划利用和重新利用这项研究。我们计划开展一项为期18个月的研究，整合多种观测输入（如空气质量、噪音、智能路边传感器）产生的纵向数据，以便对牛津市引入、维护和取消COVID-19措施的积极和消极影响进行有力评估。我们吸收的数据将用于生成一系列空气质量控制方案和预测健康效益，从而为议会主导的空气质量政策和气候战略提供信息和重新定义。

Emergency public health measures were implemented across the UK in early 2020 to suppress COVID-19 transmission; with major implications for ambient air quality (AQ). Well publicised satellite data have indicated associated reductions in air pollutant (AP) concentrations with potential benefits for human health; however ground-based measurements suggest more complex trends in UK cities. These events present a unique natural experimental opportunity to better understand environmental consequences arising from these measures and to apply this learning to future AQ intervention scenarios.Our research focus is Oxford (population ~155,000). Oxford has significant AQ and health inequity challenges, with the equivalent of 1 in 20 early deaths attributed to AP exposure. The City and County Councils plan to introduce a Zero Emissions Zone and enhanced Low Emission Zone from 2021 and to achieve carbon neutral status by 2030. Oxford is also a focal point for existing research activity, including NIHR, Defra, Highways England and Research England funded studies supporting a broad range of environmental and transport monitoring capabilities and existing research infrastructure, which we plan to utilise and repurpose for this study.We plan a 18 month study to integrate longitudinal data arising from multiple observational inputs (e.g. AQ, noise, smart roadside sensors) to enable robust evaluation of the positive and negative impacts of introduction, maintenance and removal of COVID-19 measures in Oxford City. The data we assimilate will be used to generate a series of AQ control scenarios and predicted health benefits, thereby informing and redefining council-led AQ policy and climate strategy.