Extension of the Breathe-London air quality network into the Covid-19 post-lockdown and recovery periods

该提案的总体目标是利用伦敦呼吸（BL）空气质量网络，就英国对全球冠状病毒大流行的即时和中期应对对空气质量的影响提供重要见解，并为下一个Covid-19恢复的关键时期创建一个独特的观测数据集（伦敦100个站点的NO2、NOx、PM和CO2）。BL网络于2018年10月开始运营，将于2020年7月31日结束，而由于目前的限制，大伦敦当局尚未建立后续网络，这一紧迫性源于这一事实。本申请回应洁净空气基金（CAF）最近的决定，将BL网络核心组件的运作延长至11月底，但不包括额外的网络QA/QC或COVID-19具体分析和解释活动，这是本建议的重点（见CAF的支持信）。本提案将利用这一独特的机会，创建一个截至2021年4月底的经过充分验证的数据集，涵盖Covid-19恢复的下一阶段、最近实施的第二次封锁以及2020/21年的冬季和春季。其次，它将提供关键的额外分析，包括来源分配和排放指数量化，以及数据同化，以便在污染源发生前所未有变化的恢复阶段改善排放清单。这些方法和技术广泛适用于伦敦以外的空气质量监测、分析和政策，并将为英国其他地方的类似问题提供参考。

The overarching aim of this proposal is to deliver critical insights into the impacts on air quality following the UK's immediate and medium-term response to the global Coronavirus pandemic using the Breathe-London (BL) air quality network, and to create a unique observational dataset (NO2, NOx, PM and CO2 at 100 London sites) for the next critical periods of the Covid-19 recovery. The urgency stems from the fact that the BL network, which began operation in October 2018, is due to end on July 31st 2020, and the Greater London Authority, due to current constraints, has not yet established a follow-on network. This application responds to the recent decision by the Clean Air Fund (CAF) to extend the operation of the core components of the BL network to the end of November but not the additional network QA/QC or the COVID-19 specific analysis and interpretation activities which are the focus of this proposal (see CAF letter of support). This proposal will exploit this unique opportunity to create a fully validated dataset to the end of April 2021, covering the next phase of the Covid-19 recovery, the recently introduced 2nd lockdown, and the winter and spring period 2020/21. Secondly, it will provide critical additional analysis, including source apportionment and emission index quantification, and data assimilation to improve emission inventories during the recovery phase where unprecedented changes in pollutant sources are occurring. The methodologies and techniques have wide applicability for air quality monitoring, analysis and policy beyond London and would inform similar issues elsewhere in the UK.