Rapid deployment of a seismo-acoustic experiment at Mt. Etna, Italy, following a marked increase in eruptive activity

确定火山喷发期间记录的地震和声波信号特征与火山喷口喷出气体和火山碎屑速度之间关系的物理学仍然难以捉摸。目前，科学家们依靠数据支持的模型来描述关系，例如，在火山喷发期间记录的地面位移的大小与火山喷发火山灰柱的高度之间的关系，或者在火山喷发期间注入大气的物质质量与火山羽流的高度之间的关系。这些关系在业务环境中被广泛使用，例如产生大气火山灰扩散的预测，这反过来又对风险管理产生影响。然而，能够证实这些经验模型有效性的基于物理的模型仍然缺乏。此外，这些经验法则中的许多都是基于过去收集的数据，其分辨率无法与过去十年中获得的数据相比。埃特纳火山（意大利）正在进行的喷发活动为收集适合实施验证新模型的数据提供了难得的机会，以解决这一科学差距。埃特纳火山的喷发活动，如从2021年2月中下旬开始观察到的，每十年甚至更长时间才记录一次。上一次类似的情况发生在2011年。NERC紧急拨款是抓住不经常出现的机会的理想框架。我们提出了一个实验，以帮助解决火山喷发时地震和声震强度与喷发动力学之间关系的关键科学问题。我们预计，基于新收集的数据的未来研究将对埃特纳火山和其他火山爆发易发地区的危害评估和风险缓解产生影响。为了最大限度地发挥拟议研究的影响，我们承诺公开发布从项目第6个月开始收集的数据。

The physics that define the relationships between the characteristics of seismic and acoustic signals recorded during eruptions and the rate at which gas and pyroclasts are ejected from volcanic vents remain elusive. Presently, scientists rely on data-informed models that describe relations - for example - between the magnitude of ground displacement recorded during eruptions and the height of eruption ash columns, or between the mass of material injected into the atmosphere during eruptions and the height of volcanic plumes. These relations are widely used in operational settings, for example to produce forecasts of atmospheric volcanic ash dispersal that, in turn, have implications for risk management. However, physics-based models able to confirm the validity of these empirical models are still lacking. In addition, msn of these empirical laws are based on data collected in the past with a resolution not comparable to what has become available throughout the last decade. The ongoing eruptive activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) offers a rare opportunity to collect data suitable for implementing validating new models to address this scientific gap. Eruptive activity at Etna such as that observed starting in mid-to-late February 2021, is recorded once every decade or even longer. The last comparable episode before present was in 2011. A NERC Urgency Grant is the ideal framework to seize an opportunity that is not frequently available. We propose an experiment to help addressing key scientific questions on the relations between the intensity of seismic and acoustic tremor at erupting volcanoes and the dynamics of eruption. We anticipate that future research based on the newly collected data will have impact on hazard assessment and risk mitigation at Mt. Etna, and other eruption prone areas. In order to maximize the impact of the proposed study we commit to publicly release the data collected starting from month 6 of the project.