Impacts of cryosphere-hydrosphere change on ecosystems and livelihoods in northern Nunatsiavut, Canada (IMAGINE)

气候变化对努南加特因纽特原住民和第一民族的影响是多方面的、复杂的，而且往往知之甚少。气候变暖最直接的影响之一是冰冻圈的性质、范围、季节性和特征的变化（整个因纽特努南加特的所有冰冻形式）。这可能对因纽特人造成直接和间接的毁灭性影响，并深刻地改变景观。因纽特努南加特的许多因纽特人严重依赖这片土地及其野生动物、鱼类和猎物，以维持他们的文化习俗、文化遗产和社会经济生计。Torngat山脉国家公园（Nunatsiavut和Nunavik北部的土地主张）是Nunatsiavut和Nunavik因纽特人（Nunatsiavummiut和Nunavimmiut）文化景观的基石。公园里充满了古老的故事、精灵和宗教信仰，是努纳采亚乌米特和努纳维米特及其祖先世世代代生活的一部分。Nunatsiavummiut和Nunavimmiut定期到公园内狩猎、捕鱼和觅食，包括收集野生浆果，收获北极炭、雷鸟和驯鹿。这些活动通过销售、易货、贸易和旅游提供经济利益，为家庭和社区提供生存利益，并提供与祖先文化习俗的联系。然而，Nunatsiavummiut和Nunavimmiut所依赖的每一个生态系统都受到景观、天气和水的深刻影响。常年和季节性的冰冻圈——以冰川、积雪和永久冻土的形式——是对融水和动物栖息地最重要的控制。不断缩小的冰川和积雪正在改变动物栖息地，导致北极炭、雷鸟和驯鹿的数量减少。这种情况发生到什么程度，在哪里发生，都是高度不确定的。我们的项目将为量化这些变化提供科学依据，并为Nunatsiavummiut和Nunavimmiut管理未来变化提供计划和策略。我们将与因纽特调查人员和合作伙伴共同开展一项雄心勃勃的研究计划，以了解托恩加特山脉国家公园的冰、水、生态系统和动物栖息地的变化。我们的研究贯穿了因纽特人的培训和能力建设，并将提供技术遗产和低成本的调查设备，以继续保持观察能力，并在项目持续时间之后激励因纽特青年参与者。在一个真正的跨学科项目中，所有这些信息和知识将与对努纳茨亚乌姆米特和努纳维米特人民和文化（习俗、习惯、偏好）的科学描述相结合。我们将评估现有的变化想法和计划，并将我们所有的科学和人种学理解综合到气候变化适应战略中，这些战略要扎根于当地，以证据为基础，并为社会所接受。我们的项目将量化气候变化对Nunatsiavummiut和Nunavimmiut最重要的景观和动物栖息地的影响，并共同努力建立应对未来变化的能力。

Climate change impacts on indigenous and first nations peoples in Inuit Nunangat are multi-faceted, complex, and often poorly understood. One of the most direct effects of climate warming is changes in the nature, extent, seasonality, and character of the cryosphere (all the frozen forms throughout Inuit Nunangat). This can have devastating direct and indirect effects on Inuit peoples, and profoundly changes the landscape. Many Inuit peoples in Inuit Nunangat rely heavily on the land and its wildlife, fish, and game for their cultural practices, cultural heritage, and socio-economic subsistence. The Torngat Mountains National Park (northern Nunatsiavut and Nunavik land claims) is a keystone location in the cultural landscape of Nunatsiavut and Nunavik Inuit (Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut). The Park is packed with ancient tales, spirits, and religious beliefs and has been part of the lives of Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut and their ancestors for many generations. Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut regularly travel to and within the park for hunting, fishing, and foraging practices, including the collection of wild berries, harvesting of Arctic Char, ptarmigan, and caribou. These activities provide both an economic benefit by sale, barter, trade and tourism, a subsistence benefit for households and communities, and provide a link to ancestral cultural practices. However, each of the ecosystems on which Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut depend are profoundly influenced by the landscape, weather, and water. The perennial and seasonal cryosphere - in the form of glaciers, snow, permafrost - are the most important controls on meltwater and animal habitats. Shrinking glaciers and snow cover are altering animal habitats leading to reduction in numbers of Arctic Char, ptarmigan, and caribou. The extent to which this is happening, and where, is highly uncertain. Our project will provide the scientific evidence base to quantify these changes and provide plans and strategies for Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut to manage future change. We will undertake an ambitious program of research, entirely co-created with Inuit investigators and partners, to understand changes in the ice, water, ecosystems, and animal habitats in the Torngat Mountains National Park. Our research has Inuit training and capacity building embedded throughout and will provide a legacy of skills and low-cost survey equipment to continue the observational capacity and inspire Inuit youth participants well beyond the duration of the project. All this information and knowledge will combine with scientific descriptions of Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut peoples and cultures (customs, habits, preferences) in a truly interdisciplinary project. We will assess existing ideas and plans for change and synthesise all our scientific and ethnographic understanding into climate change adaptation strategies that are locally rooted, evidence based and socially acceptable. Our project will quantify the impacts of climate change on the landscape and animal habitats that matter most to Nunatsiavummiut and Nunavimmiut, and work together to build resilience to future change.