RISK FACTORS FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

本项目的目的是在以人群为基础的队列中评估ADHD的环境、生殖和家族风险因素。我们正在对约翰斯顿县学校系统的8000名小学生进行ADHD筛查，首先通过教师填写表格，然后通过家长访谈。该项目的主要目的是描述ADHD的患病率及其随年龄、种族、性别和社会经济地位的变化，以检验早产和产后患ADHD风险较高的假设，并评估母亲吸烟、母亲职业、母亲饮酒和妊娠并发症作为ADHD风险因素的作用。我们开发了一种实用的方法，将ADHD的临床病例标准应用于流行病学背景。这使我们能够提供以前无法获得的关于ADHD患病率、风险因素和治疗模式的重要信息。在数据收集的第一年，我们在筛选前8所学校时获得了83%的回复率。我们的初步数据表明，被诊断为多动症的患病率约为10%，大约7%的小学生正在服用药物治疗多动症。在对人群进行筛查后，在4所学校进行的预测数据表明，真实患病率可能在15%左右，是DSM-IV官方估计的三倍。此外，我们发现近40%的病例之前没有被诊断出来，近三分之一接受药物治疗的儿童仍然表现出足够的症状和损伤，看起来像病例。-注意缺陷障碍，早产，多动症，铅，儿童，杀虫剂，流行病学，行为，-人类受试者：访谈，问卷调查或仅限调查

The purpose of this project is to evaluate environmental, reproductive, and familial risk factors for ADHD within a population-based cohort. We are in the process of screening all 8,000 elementary school students in the Johnston County School system for ADHD, first through teacher completed forms and later through parent interviews. The primary aims of the project are to describe the prevalence of ADHD and how it varies by age, race, gender, and SES, to test the hypothesis that preterm and post-term births are at higher risk for ADHD and to evaluate the role of maternal smoking, maternal occupation, maternal alcohol consumption and pregnancy complications as risk factors for ADHD.We have developed a practical method to apply clinical case criteria for ADHD to an epidemiologic setting. This allows us to provide important information that has not previously been available on prevalence, risk factors, and treatment patterns of ADHD.In the first year of data collection, we obtained an 83% response rate in screening the first 8 schools. Our initial data suggest the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD is about 10% and that about 7% of all children in the elementary schools are taking medication to treat ADHD. After screening the population, data from a pretest conducted in 4 schools suggests that the true prevalence might be about 15%, three times the official estimate from DSM-IV. In addition, we found that almost 40% of the cases had not been previously diagnosed and almost a third of the children being treated with medication were still showing enough symptoms and impairment to look like cases. - Attention Deficit Disorder, preterm birth, ADHD, lead, children, pesticides, epidemiology, behavior, - Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only