PERCEPTUAL CORRELATES OF REAR_END COLLISIONS AND AGE

在美国，每年发生150多万起追尾事故，造成50多万人受伤。为了识别与这些事故相关的视觉和知觉功能，我们开发了一个便携的隐约可见测试，并增加了对同一结构的更真实的测试。电池中的这些任务需要检测、判断和手动控制(A)深度运动、(B)深度横向运动、(C)自动运动和(D)光信号。在第一阶段，通过从单一任务到复杂驾驶模拟的保真度分级递增，我们能够证明：(A)确定在驾驶任务的这一方面涉及的关键表现元素，(B)确定受年龄和性别影响最大的任务元素，以及(C)通过培训选择那些看起来最有希望修改的知觉-运动任务。我们发现，年龄效应显示，隐约可见的表现与包括桌面驾驶模拟器在内的更现实的迫在眉睫的任务呈现出负相关。除了有可能进行科学调查外，该设备还可应用于驾驶员测试、执照发放，或许还可用于康复训练，它可能有助于汇聚和扩展视觉科学和衰老领域以前不相关的发现。拟议的商业应用：我们相信，我们迫在眉睫的实验室测试和更现实的电池旧任务将在那些对与驾驶研究、驾驶员测试和驾驶员培训相关的老年人表现感兴趣的人中找到广阔的市场。特别是，我们预计该设备将补充现有的司机评估和培训设备。还有其他应用领域：老年司机的信息和教育；培训(如果织机是可培训的)或用于依赖织机的任务的替代驾驶策略；某些职业的选择(如果织机不可培训)。

Every year in the U.S., more than 1.5 million rear-end car accidents occur, injuring over 500,000 people. In order to identify the visual and perceptual functions related to these accidents, we developed a portable test of looming and added more realistic tests of the same construct. These tasks in the battery require the detection, judgment, and manual control of (a) motion in depth, (b) transverse movement in depth, (c) self-motion, and (d) light signals. In Phase I through a graded progression in fidelity from single tasks to a complex driving simulation, we were able to demonstrate that it is feasible to (a) identify the critical performance elements involved in this aspect of the driving task, (b) identify those task elements that are most affected by age and gender, and (c) select those perceptual-motor tasks that appear most promising for modification through training. We found that age effects showed negative correlations between looming performance and more realistic renditions of a looming task including a desk-top driving simulator. in addition to the potential for scientific investigations, the proposed apparatus has application for driver testing, licensing, and perhaps, rehabilitative training, and it may help to converge and extend previously unrelated findings in visual science and aging. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: We believe that our laboratory looming test and the battery old more realistic tasks will find a wide market among those interested in the performance of the elderly related to driving research, driver testing, and driver training. In particular, we expect the device to complement existing driver assessment and training devices. There are other areas of application: information and education of elderly drivers; training (if loom is trainable) or alternate driving strategies for loom dependent tasks; selection for certain occupations (if loom is not trainable).