OLDEST-OLD MORTALITY FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES

这个拟议项目的主要目标是解决有关 发病率和死亡率的性质及其相互关系， 大规模地中海果蝇模型系统。 拟议的项目将有助于框架 关于死亡率动态的基本问题，将作为一个模型， 围绕这个实验系统， 其他非人类可以被模式化，并将有助于知识的 通过收集、分析和出版死亡率和发病率的生物学 使用在受控条件下饲养的大型果蝇群的数据。 本计划项目有四个主要目标 关于高龄老人的死亡率 1. 为了确定年龄特定的时间表之间的关系， 死亡率和发病率在至少100万地中海果蝇， 性别 这种关系将使用最佳和 次优的环境条件，以产生高和低 死亡率。 这些结果将检验发病率 死亡率随着预期寿命的增加而下降， 第一套详细的发病率生物数据， 非人类物种的患病率。 2. 测量和分析年龄别死亡率和生殖健康 在存活的0.1%的两种性别中的子样本的性状， 总数达一亿只地中海果蝇 这将提供一个测试， 假设地中海果蝇在最高年龄的死亡率 仍然很低，最老的老苍蝇保持生殖能力， 使用比以前大两个数量级的基础人口 考察 3.确定一生中发病率和死亡率的性别差异 Medflies的行程 具体问题包括性别差距是否 随着地中海果蝇预期寿命的增加而增加或减少 队列以及男性之间的发病率是否相同 女性在低和高预期寿命。 4. 评估大型队列中性别和年龄别死亡率（1 两种实蝇科的果蝇（与地中海实蝇有关）， 墨西哥果蝇Anastrepha ludens和西印度果蝇 A.你好 这两个物种都在地中海果蝇饲养设施中大量饲养 在墨西哥的塔帕丘拉，因此很容易大量获得。 的 这些试验的结果将检验死亡率降低的假设， 并不是果蝇的地中海果蝇所独有的。

The broad goal of this proposed project is to address questions about the nature of morbidity and mortality and their interrelationships using a large scale medfly model system. The proposed project will help frame basic questions about the dynamics of mortality, will serve as a model experimental system around which research on aging and mortality for other non-humans can be patterned and will contribute to knowledge of the biology of mortality and morbidity by gathering, analyzing and publishing data using large fruit fly cohorts raised under controlled conditions. There are four specific aims of prime interest to this program project on oldest-old mortality. 1. To determine the relationship between the age-specific schedules of mortality and morbidity in a minimum of once million medflies of both sexes. This relationship will be examined using both optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions to produce both high and low mortality rates. These results will test the hypothesis that morbidity rates decrease with increases in life expectancy and will provide the first detailed set of biological data on morbidity incidence and prevalence rates in a nonhuman species. 2. To measures and analyze age-specific mortality and reproductive traits of subsamples in the surviving 0.1% of both sexes starting with cohorts totaling 100 million medflies. This will provide a test of the hypotheses that mortality rates of medflies at the most advance ages remain low and that oldest old flies retain reproductive capabilities using a base population two orders of magnitude larger than previously examined. 3. To determine morbidity and mortality sex differentials over the life course of medflies. Specific questions include whether the gender gap increases or decreases with increasing life expectancies in medfly cohorts and whether the prevalence of morbidity is the same between males and females at low and high life expectancies. 4. To assess sex- and age-specific mortality rates in large cohorts (1 million flies) of two tephritid fruit fly species related to the medfly-- the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens and the West Indian fruit fly, A. obliqua. Both species are mass-reared at the medfly rearing facility in Tapachula, Mexico and thus readily available in large numbers. The results of these trials will test hypothesis that slowing of mortality rates at advance ages is not unique to the medfly of Drosophila.