Proton Accelerators for Science and Innovation(PASI)

60多年来，质子加速器一直服务于广泛学科领域的科学研究的前沿。卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室的世界领先的ISIS中子散裂源为1000多名科学家的国际社区提供服务，研究包括凝聚态物质的调查、材料的性质、生物系统的调查和原子的电子结构的调查。在能源前沿，欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机等机器长期以来一直被用来推动核物理和粒子物理的边界。质子加速器还被利用来服务于工业和医学，例如通过生产放射性同位素和治疗癌症。新一代质子加速器设施有可能：通过在各种能源中提供非常高功率的束流，使科学研究发生革命性变化；通过开发紧凑型加速器，使粒子束疗法得到广泛应用；以及通过加速器驱动的次临界核反应堆，大大促进低碳能源的提供。此外，新技术使能够发射高强度、高能束的µ子和中微子的设施得以构思。这些设施有可能给中微子工厂和Muon对撞机的粒子物理研究带来革命性的变化，并已被提议作为货物扫描系统的基础来服务于安全议程。要实现这一潜力，需要建立一个充满活力和有远见的研发方案。STFC和Fermilab管理层注意到，他们社区支持质子科学与创新加速器(PASI)计划的利益非常一致，因此同意努力建立互惠互利的战略伙伴关系，在这种伙伴关系中，双方都能够利用智力和其他资源。作为第一步，我们建议建立一个联合博士后计划或研究员计划。这个项目旨在为MICE实验做出重大贡献，该实验寻找第一个证明µ子电离冷却的方法，这对发展未来基本粒子物理研究所需的加速器设施至关重要。它还希望为开发nuSTORM项目做出贡献，这可能是未来第一个使用存储的µ子进行的中微子振荡实验。

Proton accelerators have served for more than 60 years at the forefront of scientific investigation across an immense range of disciplines. The world-leading ISIS neutron-spallation source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) serves an international community of more than 1000 scientists in studies that include investigations of condensed matter, the properties of materials, the investigation of biological systems, and the investigation of the electron structure of atoms. At the energy frontier, machines such as the LHC at CERN have long been used to push back the boundaries of nuclear and particle physics. Proton accelerators have also been harnessed to serve industry and medicine, for example through the production of radioisotopes and the treatment of cancer. The next generation of proton accelerator facilities has the potential to: revolutionize scientific enquiry through the provision of beams of very high power across a broad range of energy; to make particle-beam therapy widely available through the development of compact accelerators; and to contribute substantially to the provision of low-carbon energy through accelerator-driven sub-critical nuclear reactors. In addition, new techniques allow facilities capable of delivering intense, high-energy beams of muons and neutrinos to be conceived. Such facilities have the potential to revolutionize the study of particle physics at the Neutrino Factory and the Muon Collider and have been proposed to serve the security agenda as the basis of cargo-scanning systems. To realize this potential requires that an energetic and farsighted R&D programme be established. STFC and Fermilab management have noted that the interests of their communities in support of the Proton Accelerators for Science and Innovation (PASI)programme are very closely aligned and have therefore agreed to work to establish a mutually beneficial strategic partnership in which each side is able to leverage both intellectual and other resources. As a first step, we propose to establish a joint post-doc, or fellowship, programme.This project aims to contribute significantly to the MICE experiment, which looks for the first demonstration of the ionization cooling of muons, which is essential in the development of future accelerator facilities needed for the elementary particle physics research. It also wishes to contribute in developing the nuSTORM project, potentially the first future neutrino oscillation experiment using stored muons.