RISK AND COPING IN CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLICS

描述：(申请人摘要) 拟议的研究将继续进行长达10年的持续研究 一项跟踪酗酒者的男性和女性子女的研究 亲生父母，监护继父或继母(如有)，以及 3岁时生态可比但不酗酒的对照组家庭 间隔时间。该项目的长期目标是描述 风险聚集和稀释，至少从儿童早期到早期 成年期，特别关注导致高血压的风险因素 酗酒、依赖和其他涉及毒品的发展。 可能起保护作用的个人和背景因素的变化 反对这种结果也特别令人感兴趣。水平的变化 酗酒的父母中的反社会共病使其很可能 调查结果将能够解决结果的异质性问题 酗酒者的孩子。 这项研究始于儿童主要是学龄前儿童，研究结果是 日期已经证实了最初的假设，与 外化和内化行为的出现差异，如 以及风险较高与较低的基本酒精预期方案 孩子们。与父亲酒精中毒亚型相关的家族风险差异 作为风险聚集的有效标记物。拥有的家庭 反社会共病的风险聚集程度最大。父母 康复状况与女孩之间的结果差异有关 在童年早期到中期。目前的计划将补充 原始样本为311个家庭，第二个样本为250个 有助于描述以下人群中风险发展的家庭 这将有助于更好地描述可能存在的性别差异。一个 增加了年度评估协议，在11-17岁的儿童年龄范围内，将 允许更好地描述变化期间的起始现象 最有可能发生的事情。 结果将被跟踪，因为样本1男孩进入童年中期和 进入青春期早期，因为样本II的儿童经历了童年早期 和入学，随着父母步入中年。对于男孩来说， 开始涉足酒精和其他毒品，并出现了一些 与酒精有关的问题预计会出现在相当大的一组和模型中 将被构建为将发病与其他并发风险属性相链接(例如， 学校、感知的同伴环境)，以及对早期儿童的测量， 家族性风险和背景风险。对于女孩，分析将集中在个人上 以及促进风险累积或稀释的背景因素 在这段时间里。一个特别的兴趣是家族性亚型作为一个 儿童风险变异的调停者。这项研究显示了巨大的风险 儿童早期的相关差异和继续研究的结果 项目还应与预防性干预直接相关 编程。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The proposed research would continue an ongoing 10 year long prospective study that is following male and female children of alcoholics, both biological parents, a custodial step-parent where present, and an ecologically comparable but nonalcoholic group of control families at 3 year intervals. The project's long term goal is to describe the development of risk aggregation and dilution from early childhood at least into early adulthood, with a special focus on risk factors contributing to the development of alcohol abuse, dependence, and other drug involvement. Variation in individual and contextual factors that may be protective against such outcomes is also of special interest. Variation in level of antisocial comorbidity among the alcoholic parents makes it likely that findings will be able to address issues of heterogeneity of outcome among children of alcoholics. The study began when children were largely of preschool age, and findings to date have been confirmatory of the original hypotheses relating to differences in emergence of externalizing and internalizing behavior, as well as rudimentary alcohol expectancy schema in higher vs. lower risk children. Familial risk differences relating to paternal alcoholism subtype functioned as an effective marker of risk aggregation. Families with antisocial comorbidity had the greatest aggregation of risk. Parental recovery status was associated with differences in outcome among the girls during early to middle childhood. The current program would supplement the original sample of 311 families with an addition of a second sample of 250 families that would facilitate the delineation of risk development among girls, and allow better characterization of possible gender differences. An added yearly assessment protocol, during the child age range 11-17, will permit better delineation of onset phenomena during the time when change is most likely to occur. Outcomes will be tracked as Sample 1 boys move through middle childhood and into early adolescence, as Sample II children move through early childhood and school entry, and as the parents move into middle adulthood. For boys, onset of alcohol and other drug involvement and the emergence of some alcohol related problems is expected for a substantial subgroup and models will be constructed linking onset to other concurrent risk attributes (e.g., school, perceived peer environment), and to measures of early child, familial, and contextual risk. For girls, analyses will focus on individual and contextual factors that facilitate cumulation of risk or its dilution during this period. A special interest is the role of familial subtype as a mediator of child risk variation. The study has shown substantial risk related differences in early childhood, and findings from the continuation project should also have direct relevance for preventive intervention programming.