CHILDHOOD PREDICTORS OF ALCHOLISM AND VIOLENCE

申请人摘要：这是一个竞争性的延续申请，最初是为了回应关于酒精和青年的RFA。大多数以前的心理生理学研究酗酒和暴力是有限的事实，它是横截面，而不是纵向。 为了解决这一关键的差距，在文献中，我们正在进行一项前瞻性的，纵向研究酗酒和反社会行为。 将检验两个主要假设：1）非反社会酗酒者显示自主神经和中枢神经系统过度觉醒，2）反社会酗酒者显示自主神经和中枢神经系统处于觉醒状态。 1972年，对1,795名3岁的马达加斯加儿童进行了皮肤电导、心率、唤醒和定向的测量。 男性和女性的代表性相等，而印度教徒、穆斯林、克里奥尔人和华人则按其在岛上的代表性比例被纳入样本。 在11岁时，重复这些测量，同时收集静息EEG和事件相关电位的额外数据。 我们目前正在对所有年龄在28岁以上的受试者进行诊断性访谈，以确定他们的酗酒诊断和其他轴I和轴II疾病。 此外，最近在NIMH资助的一项研究中收集的反社会和暴力行为的自我报告和官方措施将适用于所有受试者。 这些诊断和反社会行为结果的措施，然后将与3岁和11岁时获得的心理生理措施。 我们使用SCID的新试点工作已经确定了15.0%的酒精滥用率，略高于我们之前使用MAST数据估计的13.5%。 因此，我们正在申请资金来完成这项研究。 由于健全的收集心理生理措施，在幼儿期采取了广泛的队列，其中包括四个民族和女性，它认为，该项目提供了一个独特的机会，以评估早期心理生理风险因素酗酒和暴力，并探讨种族，宗教和性别的影响。 这种研究反过来又有可能解决最近区域渔业协定中提出的与青年、暴力和少数群体有关的酗酒问题。

APPLICANT'S ABSTRACT: This is a competing continuation application which was originally made in response to an RFA on Alcohol and Youth. Most previous psychophysiological research on alcoholism and violence is limited by the fact that it is cross-sectional, and not longitudinal. To address this critical gap in the literature, we are conducting a prospective, longitudinal study of alcoholism and antisocial behavior. Two overarching hypotheses will be tested: 1) the non-antisocial alcoholics show autonomic and central nervous system over arousal and 2) that antisocial alcoholics show autonomic and central nervous system under arousal. Measures of skin conductance and heart rate arousal and orienting were acquired in 1972 on a cohort of 1,795 three-year-old Mauritian children. Males and females are equally represented, while Hindus, Muslims, Creoles, and Chinese are contained in the sample in proportion to their representation on the island. At age 11 years, these measures were repeated, while additional data on resting EEG and event-related potentials were collected. We are currently conducting diagnostic interviews on all the subjects who are now aged 28 years in order to ascertain their alcoholism diagnoses and other Axis I and Axis II disorders. In addition, both self-report and official measures of antisocial and violent behavior, which have recently been collected in a study funded by NIMH, will be available on all subjects. These diagnostic and antisocial behavior outcome measures will then be related to psychophysiological measures obtained at ages 3 and 11 years. Our new pilot work using the SCID has established a base rate of 15.0% alcohol abuse, slightly higher than the 13.5% we had previously estimated with MAST data. We are consequently applying for funds to complete the study. Due to the sound collection of psychophysiological measures taken in early childhood on an extensive cohort which includes four ethnic groups and females, it is felt that this project offers a unique opportunity to assess early psychophysiological risk factors for alcoholism and violence, and to explore ethnic, religious, and gender effects. Such research has in turn the potential to address some of the issues raised in recent RFAs on alcoholism pertaining to youth, violence, and minorities.