Cusp electron beam source for terahertz gyro-amplifier

由于缺乏高功率源，特别是太赫兹辐射宽带放大器，对武器、爆炸物、毒品、化学和生物材料等违禁品的实时视频速率高分辨率成像和传感受到阻碍。基于斯特拉斯克莱德大学最近技术突破的陀螺放大器提供了一个独特的机会来填补这一长期存在的技术空白，并承诺以前所未有的10%瞬时带宽和无与伦比的100和200 W分别用于625和400 GHz的放大（W He等PRL 2013, 110, art 165101, 2013）。这种源还将通过（DNP）技术提高核磁共振（NMR）和磁共振成像（MRI）的许多数量级的灵敏度，并实现高场脉冲EPR（用于材料和生物分子表征）。EPR和DNP增强核磁共振（包括脉冲DNP-核磁共振的可能性以及相位和幅度调制的使用）实验将产生绝对世界领先的研究。它将有力地增强英国在广泛的学术研究领域的世界领先地位，包括物理、化学、生物、工程和医学。除了EPR和DNP外，这些源也对用于等离子体诊断的磁约束聚变感兴趣。由于放大器具有宽的瞬时带宽，与单频源技术相比，它们可以动态调整到更大范围的等离子体参数。陀螺- twa将是云剖面雷达和大气污染物探测的理想来源，因为大气吸收、穿透和散射损失，实际的隔离系统需要相当大的功率，通常为数百瓦。其他应用包括高频远程安全成像、空间态势感知（探测空间碎片）、地形测绘（火山监测）、雷达干扰（制导导弹）和远程、高带宽、视线通信、隐藏爆炸物和非法毒品的实时视频速率探测。陀螺- twa也是基于电子自旋量子位的量子计算的理想来源。新兴量子技术的一个世界领先的例子是连贯地利用金刚石中与氮空位（NV）中心相关的电子自旋。为了获得足够的光谱分辨率，它需要在高磁场下以高功率（数百瓦），高频率（数百GHz）快速相干控制NV电子自旋。

Standoff, real time video rate high resolution imaging and sensing of conceived contrabands such as weapons, explosives, drugs, chemical and biological materials are hampered by the lack of high power sources and especially broadband amplifiers of terahertz radiation. The gyro-amplifiers based on a recent technological breakthrough at the University of Strathclyde offer a unique opportunity to fill this long standing technology gap and promise amplification with an unprecedented 10% instantaneous bandwidth and an unrivalled, 100 and 200 W respectively for 625 and 400 GHz (W He et al PRL 2013, 110, art 165101, 2013). Such a source will also improve the sensitivity by many orders of magnitude of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) through (DNP) techniques and enable high field pulse EPR (for materials and biomolecular characterisation). The EPR and DNP enhanced NMR (including the possibility of pulsed DNP-NMR and the use of phase and amplitude modulation) experiments will give rise to absolutely world-leading research. It will strongly enhance the UK's position as a world leader in a wide range of academic research areas, including physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and medicine. As well as for EPR and DNP these sources are also of interest in magnetically confined fusion for use in plasma diagnostics. Because the amplifiers have wide instantaneous bandwidth they may be adjusted dynamically to a wider range of plasma parameters, in comparison to a single frequency source technique. The gyro-TWA would be an ideal source for cloud profiling radar and the detection of atmospheric pollutants because the atmospheric absorption, penetration and scattering losses, practical stand-off systems require considerable power, typically hundreds of watts. Other applications include high frequency long range security imaging, space situational awareness (detecting space debris), terrain mapping (volcano monitoring), radar jamming (of guided missiles) and long range, high bandwidth, line of sight communications, real time video-rate detection of hidden explosives and illegal drugs.The gyro-TWA is also an ideal source for quantum computing based on electron spin qubits. A world-leading example of emerging quantum technology is the coherent use of the electron spin associated with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond. To obtain enough spectral resolution it requires fast coherent control of the NV electron spin with a high-power (hundreds Watts), high frequency (hundreds GHz) at a high magnetic field.