CRIS-TRAP: a gas-filled linear Paul trap for the CRIS experiment at ISOLDE

核物理学旨在了解核系统的结构和动力学。从夸克-胶子等离子体盛行的最初微秒开始，到恒星和星系形成的历史，核反应在能量的产生和元素的创造中都起着至关重要的作用，这是理解宇宙的关键。该领域的应用在从医学、安全到电力生产的各个领域都有益于社会，并对其他科学领域产生了强大的影响。原子核是一个独特的量子实验室，在有效的二体和三体力的驱动下，可以研究微观和介观特征。它们是复杂的多体系统，但往往表现出意想不到的规律和简单的激励模式，这些模式来自底层的壳结构、配对和集体激励模式。更简单的介观系统（例如，金属团簇、量子点和原子凝聚体）也表现出这些特性，对这些特性的理解在很大程度上依赖于核物理学中发展和磨练的技术。一个基本的挑战是从头开始理解核的性质，从强，弱，和电磁力之间的相互作用的单个核子。近年来，这种轻核项目取得了巨大进展。对于较重的原子核，基于有效相互作用的壳层、团簇和其他超平均场多体技术，为关联实验数据提供了必要的框架，但仍然缺乏改进，无法可靠地预测当一个人从经过充分研究的稳定原子核中移动多个核子时的核性质。我们计划用激光测量基态和同分异构体的性质，以获得研究核形状发展的数据，以及对s和r核合成途径重要的外来同位素的核结构演变。精密激光光谱学实验为检验和验证这些新的理论模型提供了可靠的观测数据。这项验证工作直接支持了寻找标准模型之外物理的下一代实验，如暗物质探测、中微子振荡和无中微子双β衰变，这些都需要精确测定相关的核矩阵元素。因此，对这些核理论进行有力的实验观测检验是至关重要的。

Nuclear Physics aims to understand the structure and dynamics of nuclear systems. It is the key to understanding the Universe from the first microseconds of its inception when the quark-gluon plasma prevailed, through its history of star and galaxy formation where nuclear reactions play an essential role both in the generation of energy and the creation of elements. The field also has applications that benefit society in diverse areas, from medicine and security to power production, and a strong impact on other fields of science.Atomic nuclei are a unique quantal laboratory in which microscopic as well as mesoscopic features, driven by effective two-body and three-body forces, can be studied. They are complex many-body systems, but often display unexpected regularities and simple excitation patterns that arise from underlying shell structure, pairing and collective modes of excitation. Such properties are also exhibited by simpler mesoscopic systems (for example, metallic clusters, quantum dots, and atomic condensates) the understanding of which draws heavily on techniques developed and honed in nuclear physics. A fundamental challenge is to understand nuclear properties ab-initio from the interplay of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces between individual nucleons. In recent years, enormous progress has been made with such programmes for light nuclei. For heavier nuclei, shell, cluster and other beyond mean field many-body techniques, based on effective interactions, provide essential frameworks for correlating experimental data, yet still lack the refinement to reliably predict nuclear properties as one moves more than a few nucleons from well-studied stable nuclei.We plan to make measurements of ground-state and isomer properties using lasers to yield data with which to study the development of nuclear shapes, the evolution of nuclear structure in exotic isotopes important for the s and r nucleosynthetic pathways. Precision laser spectroscopy experiments provide robust observables to test and validate these new theoretical models. This validation work directly supports the next generation of experiments searching for physics beyond the standard model, such as dark matter detection, neutrino oscillation and neutrinoless double beta decay, which all require accurate determination of the associated nuclear matrix elements. It is therefore essential that these nuclear theories are vigorously tested against experimental observables.