Chemistry for the r process

核反应是如何为天体物理过程提供动力并创造化学元素的？是一个重大的科学问题。在涉及的几个过程中，最神秘的是快中子捕获过程（r过程）。它被认为可以合成一半比铁重的元素。对它的理解需要了解所涉及的原子核的性质和天体物理现场的条件。目前最受青睐/可能的天体物理位置是中子星合并和磁旋转超新星爆炸。在这种爆炸情况下产生的原子核中子极其丰富，离稳定线很远。因此，它们中的绝大多数从未在地球上合成过，并且丰度的计算必须使用从理论中获得的核性质。在质量数A~190附近的丰度峰是N=126的幻中子数的结果。富中子N=126核的研究是FAIR/GSI和CERN-ISOLDE等领先核物理设施的关键目标。在这里，将设计一个新的检测系统，基于模拟和现有的实验信息，用于研究多核子转移反应中产生的极富中子核。基于化学方法的超重元素鉴定和分离将首次与传统核物理技术相结合。这是一个需要多学科（物理和化学）方法的概念验证研究。它的最终目标是开发一个项目，旨在建立一个系统来研究富中子核在r过程等待路径上的性质，从而解决宇宙中重元素是如何和在哪里形成的问题。

'How Do Nuclear Reactions Power Astrophysical Processes and Create the Chemical Elements?' is one of the big science questions. The most mysterious of the several process involved, it the rapid neutron capture process (r process). It is believed to synthetise half of the elements heavier than iron. Its understanding requires knowledge of the properties of nuclei involved and the conditions in the astrophysical site. Presently the favoured/possible astrophysical sites are neutron-star mergers and magneto-rotational supernovae explosions. The nuclei produced in such explosive scenarios are extremely neutron rich, very far from the line of stability. Consequently, the large majority of them were never synthetized on Earth, and the abundance calculations have to use nuclear properties obtained from theories. The abundance peak around mass number A~190 is the consequence of the N=126 magic neutron number. The study of the neutron-rich N=126 nuclei is a key aim of the leading nuclear physics facilities such as FAIR/GSI and CERN-ISOLDE etc. Here, a novel detection system will be designed, based on simulations and available experimental information for the study of extremely neutron-rich nuclei produced in multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Identification and separation based on chemical methods, used for super-heavy elements will be merged with conventional nuclear physics techniques for the first time. This is a proof-of-concept study requiring multidisciplinary (physics and chemistry) approach. Its ultimate aim is to develop a project aimed at building a system to study the properties of neutron-rich nuclei on the r-process waiting path, therefore addressing the question of how and where heavy elements were/are formed in the universe.