The study of elementary particles and their interactions (Consolidated Grant 2022 - 2025)

这笔赠款是为了继续该小组对基本粒子和自然力的基本性质的研究计划。这笔赠款的主要目标之一将是支持大型强子对撞机实验的开发，这些实验将在这笔赠款期间获取数据。CMS实验将继续表征希格斯玻色子，这为了解新物理学提供了一个独特的窗口，并利用这种测量来探索这种物理学。这也将有可能扩大我们对超对称、暗物质、长寿命粒子和其他新现象的探索，包括轻子非普遍性。LHCb实验将提供标准模型(SM)及以后的补充测试，能够寻找味道物理中极其罕见的衰变，并测量B介子衰变中的CP不对称，这两个都对新物理的贡献很敏感。该小组领导的测量揭示了与SM的偏差，这可能表明轻子不普适和新物理学；澄清情况是当务之急。该小组还将积极准备下一代CMS和LHCb探测器，用于LHC的高光度升级。T2K长基线中微子实验将使我们扩大对中微子部分质量和混合的理解。我们已经为中微子领域的CP破坏提供了第一批迹象，未来的运行将进一步揭示这一点。为了充分描述这种CP破坏及其在所观察到的物质-反物质不对称性中的作用，将需要下一代探测器Dune和Hyper-K，我们也参与其中，目前正在进行开发。固体实验将需要继续采集数据，并应解决很短的基线中微子异常。中微子之谜的另一个缺失之处是，中微子是否是它自己的反粒子。我们正在准备超NEMO实验，试图确定中微子是否是马约拉纳粒子，数据采集将在授予期间进行。在几个新的物理模型中预测了重中微子粒子，我们正在继续进行船载实验的研究和开发，以寻找这些新粒子。在标准模型中，µ子到电子的直接转换被严重抑制，所以任何对这一过程的观察都将是一个重大发现。彗星实验正在寻找这一过程，并将在授予期间获取数据。同样，只有通过新物理才能产生电子的可测量电偶极矩，而电火花加工实验将继续降低这种效应的极限。宇宙的四分之一左右是由暗物质组成的，其性质尚不清楚。到目前为止，实验室还没有检测到这一点，该小组将继续通过LUX-ZEPLIN实验寻找暗物质候选者的直接证据，并为下一代探测器做准备。一个令人兴奋的新冒险是Aion实验，它将使用量子技术来探测超轻暗物质，并适时地探测引力波。未来的中微子和Muon对撞机实验将需要产生Muon光束的加速器。该小组正在通过NUSTORM研究继续其在这一领域的研究。质子束在其他科学领域和医疗保健领域也有潜在的应用，该小组正在研究如何将这些技术应用于这些领域。

This grant is to continue the group's programme of investigation into the properties of elementary particles and the fundamental forces of nature.One of the main objectives of this grant will be to support the exploitation of the LHC experiments which will be taking data during the period of this grant. The CMS experiment will continue to characterize Higgs boson, which provides a unique window onto new physics, and the use of such measurements to search for this physics. It will also be possible to extend our searches for SUSY, dark matter, long-lived particles and other new phenomena including lepton non-universality. The LHCb experiment will offer complementary tests of the Standard Model (SM) and beyond with the ability to look for extremely rare decays in flavour physics and to measure CP asymmetries in the decays of B mesons, both of which are sensitive to contributions from new physics. Measurements led by the group have revealed deviations from the SM, potentially indicating lepton non-universality and new physics; clarifying the situation is a high priority. The group will also be active in preparing the next generation of CMS and LHCb detectors for the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC.The T2K long baseline neutrino experiment will allow us to expand our understanding of the masses and mixings in the neutrino sector. We have produced first indications for CP violation in the neutrino sector, and future running will shed further light. To fully characterize this CP violation and its role in the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry will require the next generation detectors, DUNE and Hyper-K, in which we are also involved, with development underway. The SoLid experiment will take continue to take data and should settle the very short baseline neutrino anomaly. One of the other missing pieces of the neutrino puzzle is whether the neutrino is its own antiparticle. We are preparing the SuperNEMO experiment to attempt to determine if the neutrino is a Majorana particle and data-taking will occur during the grant. Heavy neutrino-like particles are predicted in several new physics models and we are continuing R&D towards the SHiP experiment to search for these new particles.Direct conversion of muons to electrons is heavily suppressed in the Standard Model so any observation of this process would be a major discovery. The COMET experiment is searching for this process and will take data during the grant. Similarly, a measurable electric dipole moment for the electron could only arise through new physics and the eEDM experiment will continue to push down the limits for such an effect. Around a quarter of the Universe is composed of dark matter and its nature is unknown. This has so far remained undetected in the laboratory and the group will continue its activity in searching for direct evidence of a dark matter candidate through the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, along with preparations for the next generation detector. An exciting new venture is that of the AION experiment that will use quantum technologies to probe for ultra light dark matter, and, in time, gravitational waves.Accelerators to produce muon beams will be needed for future neutrino and muon collider experiments. The group is continuing its research in this area through the nuSTORM studies. Proton beams also have potential applications for other scientific fields and for healthcare, and the group is studying how to apply these techniques in those areas.